Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
Consonantal sound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨t͡ɬ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨tɬ⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ƛ⟩ (barred lambda).
| Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| tɬ | |||
| IPA number | 103 (148) | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | t͡ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0074 U+0361 | ||
| |||
Features
Features of a voiceless alveolar lateral affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Levantine | ثلاثة/tlete | [t͡ɬe̞ːte̞] | 'three' | Allophone of /tl/ |
| Avar | лӀугьине/Ļuhine/ڸۇھێنې | [t͡ɬːuhine] | 'to become' | ||
| Cherokee | Otali | Ꮭ/tla | [t͡ɬa] | 'no' | |
| Chukchi | Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн | [ɬəɣˀorawetɬˀɛn] | 'Chukchi' | ||
| Haida | tla'únhl | [t͡ɬʌʊ́nɬ] | 'six' | ||
| Hebrew | תלונה/tluna | [ˈt͡ɬuna] | 'complaint' | Pronunciation of /tl/ sequence by some speakers. | |
| Icelandic | bolli | [ˈpɔt͡ɬɪ] | 'cup' | See Icelandic phonology. | |
| Ladin | tlo | [t͡ɬo] | 'here' | Gherdëina variant | |
| Nahuatl | Nahuatl | ⓘ | 'Nahuatl language' | ||
| Pa Na | [t͡ɬa˧˥] | 'frost' | |||
| Sahaptin | [t͡ɬupt] | 'jumping' | |||
| Spanish | Mexican[1] | Xóchitl | [ˈʃo̞t͡ʃit͡ɬ] | 'Xóchitl' | See Spanish phonology. |
| Tlingit[2] | tleilóo | ⓘ | 'butterfly' | Distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated | |
| Tsez | элIни/eƛni | [ˈʔɛ̝t͡ɬni] | 'winter' | ||
| Tswana | tlala | [t͡ɬala] | 'hunger' | Distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated | |
