Voiceless bilabial affricate
Consonantal sound
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A voiceless bilabial affricate ([pÍɸ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [p] and released as a voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.
Features
Features of a voiceless bilabial affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the medianâlateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[1] | up | [Êp͡ɸ] | 'up, onto' | Optional pre-pausal allophone of /p/.[1] |
| English | Broad Cockney[2] | up | [ËÉÊp͡ɸ] | 'up' | Allophone of /p/, occurs mainly word-finally.[3] See English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[4] | Rare allophone of /p/.[4] See English phonology | ||||
| North Wales[5] | [ËÉp͡ɸ] | Word-initial and word-final allophone of /p/; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop [pÊ°].[5] See English phonology | |||
| Port Talbot[6] | Allophone of /p/. In free variation with [pÊ°Ê°].[6] | ||||
| Scouse[7] | [ËÊp͡ɸ] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /p/.[7] See English phonology | |||
| German | Some speakers | tropfen | [ËtÊÌ¥Ép͡ɸnÌ©] | 'to drip' | Allophone of /pÍ¡f/. See Standard German phonology |
| Ghomalaʼ | [example needed] | Allophone of /p/ before /h/.[8] | |||
| Kaingang[9] | fy | [Ëp͡ɸɤ] | 'seed' | Possible word-initial allophone of /ɸ/.[9] | |
| Northern Tiwa | Taos dialect | [Ëp͡ɸìËËwÉÌÌËnÇ£] | 'daughter' | Allophone of /pÊ°/, in free variation with [ph] and [ɸ]. See Taos phonology | |