Westgarth Forster

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Westgarth Forster (1772–1835) was a geologist and mining engineer, mine agent at Allenheads and Coalcleugh (Northumberland) mines over two decades and then a consultant surveyor and author.[1][2] He was the son of a mining engineer, Westgarth Forster the elder, and was born in Coalcleugh, Northumberland.[3][4][5]

He is known principally as the author of a book called A Treatise on a Section of the Strata from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to the Mountain of Cross Fell in Cumberland. The first edition (1809) is very rare; his work is known mainly from the greatly enlarged second edition (1821). A third edition was published in 1883, which was, however, much revised and modified by its editor, the Rev. W. Nall.[6]

The work describes the Carboniferous strata in the north-east in their vertical sequence as discovered during mining operations and discusses their lateral variations. It presents the first long composite stratigraphic section at the scale of an entire geological system, representing over 1000 m of section, combining mine records between Cross Fell and Byker, Newcastle. This was a remarkable achievement at the time, prior to the availability of geological maps. General chapters in the first edition borrow extensively from earlier works, including descriptions of approaches to prospecting for ore and developing mineral veins (partially adapting earlier texts to the northern Pennines context). For example, the method of hushing from dams built high on the hillsides is discussed. There are numerous remains of such dams in many British ore-fields and the method was even used to expose section during a 1963–1967 geological survey in the area.[7]

The much-expanded second edition of 1821 cemented Forster's reputation and was subscribed to by a number of eminent scientists (including Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society) and many orefield mine agents. The Commissioners and Governors of the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich ordered 30 copies in fine. William Buckland of Oxford University contributed an insert with the title "Order of Superposition of Strata in the British Isles."

Pre-1809

Tribute

Notes

Related Articles

Wikiwand AI