Wheel stud
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wheel studs are the threaded fasteners that hold on the wheels of many automobiles. They are semi-permanently mounted directly to the vehicle hub, usually through the brake drum or brake disk. Lug nuts are fastened onto the wheel stud to secure the wheel. When a wheel is removed for tire changes etc., the stud remains in the hub.
Many automobiles instead use bolts to do this, where removable bolts screw into the wheel hub.[1]
Wheel studs can be either factory equipment or aftermarket add-ons.
Torque specifications
The primary advantage of wheel studs over wheel bolts is greater ease for tire changes by creating the ability to lift both the wheel and tire onto the studs creating the ability to hold and locate the assembly during tire changes rather than trying to hold up the wheel and tire while lining up the holes to insert a bolt. Many wheels that use bolts also have one or more small locator pins to assist this: the wheel is lifted onto the pins, then the bolts inserted. Once the bolts are tightened and the wheel is fully installed, the pins have no further function whilst the vehicle is being driven.
Another advantage of using wheel studs is that they are replaceable and usually require fewer parts for replacement in case of stripped threads. With lug bolts, on the other hand, the whole hub usually has to be replaced in case of stripped threads in the hub.
One motivation for using lug bolts instead of wheel studs and nuts the number of parts that needs to be attached to the wheel hub. Wheel studs and lug nuts consist of two parts, while the lug bolt is a single part. This leads to one less part when using lug bolts, which can save manufacturing costs.
The application of proper torque to lug nuts on wheel studs is important for wheel retention safety. Insufficient torque may allow wheels to loosen during operation, while excessive torque can damage threads or lead to stud failure.[2] The specific torque values vary by vehicle size and manufacturer specifications. When working with wheel studs, torque is typically applied in a cross or star pattern to ensure even clamping force distribution across the wheel surface.
Car with wheel studs for use with lug nuts
Five yellow lug nuts for use on a car with wheel studs
Car without wheel studs for use with lug bolts
Four lug bolts, from left: Three M12x1.5 mm bolts with different length and one M14x1.5 mm bolt
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