Women in the Montana government
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As of 2022, Montana ranked 22nd out of 50 American states in terms of percentage of state legislators who are women.[1] Within the Montana State Legislature, 32.7 percent of all members were women in 2022.[1] From statehood in 1889 to 2025, the state of Montana had only one female governor, Judy Martz.[2] Although the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress was from Montana in 1916,[3] the state had not elected another woman to Congress as of 2025.[4][5]
Helen Clarke and Alice Nichols were the first women elected to any public office in Montana Territory in 1882, both as county school superintendents. Since then, the majority of county superintendents in Montana have been women.[6]
In 1916, Jeannette Rankin became the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress.[3] She was elected to one of Montana's two seats in the United States House of Representatives, two years after white women were given the right to vote in Montana,[7] and four years before women were nationally enfranchised in the 19th Amendment.[8]
Executive branch
Elected office
The only woman elected as governor of Montana, as of 2025[update], is Republican Judy Martz who held office from 2001 to 2005, and did not seek a second term.[2][9] She was known for her income and capital gains tax cuts, as well as a budget surplus at the end of her term.[10] Additionally, Martz led the push for the federal Healthy Forest Act amongst fellow governors.[10]
There have only been three female Lieutenant Governors out of the total 37 people who have served in the position.[9] The current Lieutenant Governor of Montana is a Republican woman, Kristan Juras. She has served since 2021, and is a lawyer who had previously ran for the Montana Supreme Court in 2016, but was unsuccessful.[11] The first Lieutenant Governor was Republican Judy Martz, who served in the position from 1997 to 2001, under Republican Governor Marc Racicot.[12] The first female Democratic Lieutenant Governor was Angela McLean, who served as Lieutenant Governor from 2014 to 2015 under Governor Steve Bullock.[9] She resigned from the position in 2015 because of her impending appointment to the Office of the Commissioner of Higher Education.[13]
As of 2022, the Montana Secretary of State is a woman, Republican Christi Jacobsen.[14] Of the 22 people who have served in the position, there have been two women. The first was Democrat Linda McCulloch who became the first female Secretary of State from 2009 to 2017.[15] McCulloch previously served in the Montana House of Representatives for six years, and as a Superintendent of Public Instruction.[16][17] There has never been a female Attorney General in the state of Montana.[18] The first woman to run for Attorney General in Montana was Ella Knowles.[19] Following her successful lobbying of the 1889 Montana Legislature to allow women to take the bar exam, Knowles became be first lawyer in the state of Montana and the first female notary. She was the first woman to run for Montana Attorney General on the 1892 populist ticket.[19]
The position of Superintendent of Public Instruction has overall shown the most representation for women in any executive branch position for the Montana government.[6] The current Superintendent of Public Instruction is a woman, Elsie Arntzen.[20] First elected in 2016, she is now in her second term in the position.[20] Prior to serving in this position, she served in the Montana Legislature—both in the House and the Senate—as a Republican.[20] Since 1889, six of the Superintendents of Public Instruction have been men, and the remaining other 11 who have served have been women.[6] The first woman to be elected to the position was Mary Trumper in 1916, who went on to serve for 12 years. During her term, she instituted many reforms that female county superintendents had been proponents for, such as improved teacher training and certificate exams and the statewide mandated 180 day school term.[6] Five of the six men elected to the position were before the appointment of Mary Trumper; following her term, all but one of the Superintendents of Public Instruction have been women.[6]
| Name | Party | Position | Years served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christi Jacobsen | Republican | Secretary of State | 2021– |
| Kristen Juras | Republican | Lieutenant Governor | 2021– |
| Elsie M. Arntzen | Republican | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 2017– |
| Angela McLean | Democratic | Lieutenant Governor | 2014–2015* |
| Denise Juneau | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 2009–2016 |
| Monica J. Lindeen | Democratic | Auditor | 2009–2016 |
| Linda H. McCulloch | Democratic | Secretary of State | 2009–2016 |
| Linda H. McCulloch | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 2001–2008 |
| Judy Martz | Republican | Governor | 2001–2004 |
| Judy Martz | Republican | Lieutenant Governor | 1997–2000 |
| Nancy A. Keenan | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1989–2000 |
| Andrea Bennett | Republican | Auditor | 1985–1992 |
| Georgia Ruth Rice | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1977–1980 |
| Hollis G. Connors | Republican | Treasurer | 1973–1976 |
| Dolores Colburg | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1969–1976 |
| Edna J. Hinman | Republican | Treasurer | 1961–1964* |
| Mary M. Condon | Democratic | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1949–1956 |
| Alta E. Fisher | Republican | Treasurer | 1949–1952* |
| Elizabeth Ireland | Republican | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1933–1948 |
| May Trumper | Republican | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1917–1932 |
*Appointed.
Employees
In calendar year 2020, there were 11,450 full- and part-time employees in the executive branch of the Montana state government.[21] According to the Montana Department of Administration, there were nearly equal numbers of women and men in the executive branch workforce.[21]
