X Corps (Grande Armée)
French military unit during the Napoleonic Wars
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The X Corps of the Grande Armée (Grand Army) was a French military formation during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed in 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition under Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre and was later reconstituted for the French invasion of Russia under Marshal Jacques-Étienne Macdonald.
| X Corps | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1807 1812–1813 |
| Country |  First French Empire |
| Branch | French Imperial Army |
| Size | Corps |
| Part of | Grande Armée |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | |
During the 1812 campaign against the Russian Empire, the X Corps included a Prussian contingent. In December of 1812, following the Convention of Tauroggen, this contingent defected, which reduced the corps' strength.[1] The corps' Prussian troops subsequently formed the nucleus of the reconstituted Prussian Army in 1813.[2]
Campaigns
French Invasion of Russia
Under Macdonald's command, the X Corps was tasked with securing the northern flank by advancing into Courland and besieging Riga. The corps crossed the Neman River on 24 June 1812, but did not capture the city during the campaign.[3][4]
German Campaign of 1813
After the retreat from Russia, the X Corps moved to defend Danzig under General Jean Rapp, while dealing with logistics issues and disease. The Siege of Danzig lasted from January 1813 to January 1814 and resulted in the surrender of the French garrison.[citation needed]
Order of battle
Russia, 1812
| Corps Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Chief, Engineers | Aides-de-Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshal Étienne Macdonald | Adjutant Commander Jacques Terrier | Division General Albert Taviel |
|
|
7th Division
| Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Adjutant | Chief, Engineers | Inspecteur aux revues | Aide de Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division General Charles Grandjean | Plk. Jozef Nowicki | CdB Farjon | Capt. Louis Chapuis | Capt., 1st Class Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt | Sr. Inspecteur aux revue Reybaud (Rayband) |
| 1st Brigade | |||||||
| 5th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Plk. Stefan Oskierko | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Ludwik Kaminski | CdB Jan Godlewski | CdB Feliks Stokowski | Not present | Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza | |||
| 13th Bavarian Line Regt | Commander: Oberst Franz Baron Schlossberg | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 1st Section, 2nd Bavarian | |||||
| Maj. Caspar Poyk (Poeck) | Maj. Franz von Pillement | Untilt.[expand acronym] Alois Escher(t) II | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||||
| 10th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Polkovnik Henryk Kamienski | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn) | CdB Franciszek Czyzewski | CdB Nicolas Joseph Daine | Not present | Kapt. Leneke | |||
| 3rd Brigade | Commander: Général de Brigade Gilbert Bachelu | ||||||
| 11th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Polkovnik Aleksander Chlebowski | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Piotr Szembeck | CdB Kazimierz Poniatowski | CdB Karol Jon(n)emann | Not present | Kapt. Ostrowski | |||
| 1st Westphalian Line Regiment | Commander: Colonel Georg Ferdinand Plesmann | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||||
| CdB Johann Philipp Bauer | Capt. David von Kruse (later CdB) | Kapt. von Haustein | |||||
| Division (Prussian) Cavalry (detached from 27th Division) | Commander: Oberst Karl F. von Hunerbein | ||||||
| 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt | Regiment Commander: Major Dietrich C. G. von Cosel | ||||||
| 1st Leib Hussar Regt | 2nd Leib Hussar Regt | ||||||
| 3rd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 2nd Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Leopold F. Dallmer | Rittm. Meyer | Maj. von Kurnatowsky | Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow | ||||
| Division Artillery and Engineers | Commander: Unknown | ||||||
| 6th Polish Foot Company | 1st Polish Horse Company | Polish Garde d'Artie | 4th Polish Sapper Company | ||||
| Kapt. Turdeski | Kapt. Wladyslaw Ostrowski | Detachment | Kapt. Jozef Dobrzyński | ||||
| Division Train | Commander: Unknown | ||||||
| 12th Battalion (in German) | 6th Train Company | ||||||
| Unknown | S.-lieutenant Benoist (?) | ||||||
27th (Prussian) Infantry Division
| Corps | Commander | 2nd in Command | Chief of Staff | Quartermaster | Chief Engineer | Adjutants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prussian Mobile Corps | General d. Inf. Julius von Grawert | GenLt Ludwig Yorck | Obst. Friedrich E. von Roeder | Obstlt. Johann F. K. von Lossau (Genstab.) | Maj. Markoff | |
| Prussian Infantry | GenMjr Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf | - | Maj. Ernst von Perbandt (Genstab.) | - | - | |
| Prussian Cavalry | GenLt Friedrich von Massenbach | - | - | - | - |
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Brigade | |||||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 1 | |||||
| 1st East Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. Christoph J. H. von Erammon | Maj. Carl von Kurnatowsky | Maj. Ludwig von Krauthof | |||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 2 | Commander, 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt: Major Ludwig F. von Sjoholm II | ||||
| 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt | 4th East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. Karl R. W. von Beckedorff | Maj. Johann F. von Pfeiffer | Maj. Julius von Lübtow | |||
Unknown | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
Unknown | |||||
| 2nd East Prussian Regt | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Funck | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||
Commander: Oberstleutnant Heinrich Wilhelm von Horn Adjutant: Stabskapitän August Wilhelm Graf von Kanitz | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 3 | Commander, Colbergisches Infantry Regt: Major Karl F. F. von Steinmetz | ||||
| Colbergisches Infantry Regt | 1st Pomeranian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Quednow | Maj. August Ferdinand von Borcke | Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. von Linsingen | |||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 4 | Commander: Major Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch | ||||
| Leib-Grenadier-Regt | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. August Heinrich von Reuss | Maj. Julius Gustav Friedrich von Both | ||||
| 3rd Brigade | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 5 | Commander: Major Ludwig D. K. von Schmalensee | ||||
| 1st West Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd West Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. von Imbrecht | Maj. Friedrich E. von Loebell | ||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 6 | Commander: Major Arwed K. von Carnall | ||||
| 1st Schlesisches Inft. Regt | 2nd Schlesisches Inft. Regt | ||||
| Maj. von Happe | Maj. Karl G. S. von Lessel | Maj. Karl Heinrich von Ziemietzi | |||
| East Prussian Jäger Battalion | 1st Battery, Prussian Army | ||||
| Maj. Vollmar K. F. von Clausewitz | Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr)[expand acronym] | ||||
| 1st Cavalry Brigade | Commander: Oberst Wilhelm Jeannert | ||||
| 1st Combined Dragoon Regt | Commander: Major Karl Alexander Wilhelm von Treskow | ||||
| 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regt | 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | ||||
| 2nd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Maj. von Kameke | Sgt. Rittm. Dresler | Maj. von Manstein | Maj. Friedrich Frhr. von Stiern | ||
| 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | Commander: Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 2nd West Prussian Combined Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st West Prussian Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Weiss | Rittm. Ernst L. B. von Printz | ||||
| 3rd Combined Hussar Regt | Commander: Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 1st Schles.[expand acronym] Hussar Regt | 2nd Schles.[expand acronym] Hussar Regt | ||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Sgt.[expand acronym] Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler | Sgt.[expand acronym] Rittm. Muller | Maj. Johann H. von Schill | |||
(Prussian) Corps Artillery
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commander: Major Johann H. von Schmidt | |||||
| Foot Artillery | Commander: Major Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Fiebig | ||||
| Foot Battery No. 1 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 2 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 3 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 4 (6-pdr) | Half Battery (12-pdr) | |
| Pr.-Kapit. Huet | Stabs-Kapit. Wegner | Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler | Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig | Pr.-Kapit. von Roszynski | |
| Horse Artillery | Major Gustav von Fiebig II | ||||
| 1st Horse Battery | 2nd Horse Battery | 3rd Horse Battery | |||
| Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. von Zincken | Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. von Rentzell | Pr.-Kapit. von Graumann | |||
| Artillery Park | Unknown | ||||
| Park (Munitions) columns | |||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | No. 5 | |
| Sec.-Lt. Schliew | Sec.-Lt. Herrmann | Prem.-Lt. Barenkampff | Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Foot Co., Prussian Brigade) | Sec.-Lt. von Hertig I (8th Foot Co., Brand.[expand acronym] Brig.) | |
| Bridging Column | |||||
| Handwerk Columns | Commander, 2nd Foot Battery: Seconde-Lieutenant Lieben | ||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | ||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||
Corps Train
| Miners | ||||
Unknown | ||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | |||
| 3rd Company | 5th Company | 1st Company | ||
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Sappers | ||||
Unknown | ||||
| 1st Battalion | Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe | Prussian Sappers | ||
| 1st Company | 2nd Company | Marine Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut | 17th equipage de flottille | |
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |