Xylachlor
Weed control herbicide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Xylachlor is a selective herbicide, used to preëmergently control annual grasses on cereals, wheat, soy and rice. It is an anilide and a (chloro)acetanilide. As of 2023 it is considered obsolete, but may still be in use.[2]
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2-chloro-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-N-propan-2-ylacetamide | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C13H18ClNO | |
| Molar mass | 239.74 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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It was manufactured by American Cyanamid under the "Combat" trademark,[2] registered in August 1979 and expired (by non-renewal) in 1986.[3]
Compared to the fellow acetanilides alachlor, acetochlor and metolachlor, xylachlor had the weakest control of pigweed and setaria, though the greatest selectivity.[4] Xylachlor is also less detrimental to sorghum, but this is offset by the need for higher application rates to achieve similar weed control.[5] It controlled annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds, and uis generally less active than pendimethalin.[1]
Xylachlor's safety is not well studied. It and the related delachlor could be toxic, or carcinogen; some software prediction programs say so (ToxTree, Vega Hub) and some disagree. (Lazar and TEST)[6]
Application
It has been formulated as a 48% w/v emulsifiable concentrate, which was in a 1979 test, applied at 2.0-6.0 kg/Ha of active ingredient, in 400 L/Ha of spray water.[1]
| Application Rate | Crops tolerant | Weeds controlled |
|---|---|---|
| 4 kg/Ha | wheat, pea, rape, kale, radish, cowpea, chickpea, groundnut, soyabeen, cotton, kenaf | bromus sterilis (barren brome), avena fatua (common wild oat), alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass / twitchgrass), senecio vulgaris (groundsel), veronica persica (speedwell), phalaris minor (small canary-grass) |
| 1 kg/Ha | barley, field bean, carrot, sugar beet, maize, sorghum (with antidote), tomato | poa annua (annual bluegrass), poa trivialis (rough bluegrass / meadowgrass), oryza punctata (red rice), echinochloa crus-galli (cockspur / barnyardgrass), digitaria sanguinalis (crabgrass), amaranthus retroflexus (common tumbleweed) |
| 0.25 kg/Ha | oat, onion, lettuce, sorghum, pigeon pea, sesamum | Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog/meadow soft grass), Eleusine indica (goosegrass), Snowdenia polystachya |
In that table, 'tolerant' means the crop's vigour was reduced by less than 15%, and 'controlled' means the weed's vigour or number was reduced by more than 70%.