Yaglakar clan
Turkic royal clan
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The Yaglakar clan was the first imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Descendants of the Yaglakar clan would later establish the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom.
| Yaglakar | |
|---|---|
Tamga of Yaglakar | |
| Country | Uyghur Khaganate, Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom |
| Founder | Bezgek Yaglakar Khan (mythical) |
| Connected families | Ädiz clan |
| Dissolution | 795 (main line) |
Origin
The clan was named after a mythical founder Yaglakar Khan[1] or Buk Khan (卜可汗).[2] Initially a part of the Tiele Confederation, they later carried the hereditary title elteber as subjects of the Tang dynasty. The first known member of the clan was Tegin Irkin (特健俟斤 *dək̚-ɡɨɐnH ʒɨX-kɨn > Tèjiàn Sìjīn).
Chiefs of the clan
| Name | Chinese name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tegin Irkin | 特健俟斤/時健俟斤 | Lady Wuluohun (烏羅渾) | |
| Yaoluoge Pusa | 藥羅葛菩薩 | ?–629 | He was allied to the Xueyantuo to fight the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
Defeated Yukuk Shad[3] |
| Yaoluoge Tumidu | 藥羅葛吐迷度 | 647–648 | Submitted to the Tang, was made Commander of the Hanhai Area Command[4] |
| Yaoluoge Wuhe | 藥羅葛烏紇 | 648 | Murdered his uncle Tumidu, was a son-in-law of Chebi Khan |
| Yaoluoge Porun | 藥羅葛婆閏 | 648–662 | Made chief by Cui Dunli on the order of Emperor Taizong of Tang |
| Yaoluoge Bisidu | 藥羅葛比粟毒 | 662–680 | Rebelled against Emperor Gaozong of Tang, executed by Qibi Heli |
| Yaoluoge Dujiezhi | 藥羅葛獨解支 | 680–695 | Son of Bisidu |
| Yaoluoge Fudifu | 藥羅葛伏帝匐 | 695–719 | Son of Dujiezhi, was made Vice Military Commissioner of Hexi in 715[5] |
| Yaoluoge Chengzong | 藥羅葛承宗 | 719–727 | Son of Fudifu, exiled to the Second Turkic Khaganate |
| Yaoluoge Fudinan | 藥羅葛伏帝難 | 727 | Commander of the Hanhai Area Command |
| Yaoluoge Hushu | 藥羅葛護輸 | 727 | Killed Jiedushi Wang Junchuo (王君㚟) and wounded Niu Xianke in 727 |
| Yaoluoge Yibiaobi | 藥羅葛逸标苾 | 727–744 | Founded the Uyghur Khaganate |
Khagans
| Personal Name | Turkic title | Chinese title | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yaoluoge Yibiaobi | Qutlugh Bilge Köl Qaghan | Huairen Khagan (怀仁可汗) | 744–747 |
| Yaoluoge Moyanchuo | Tengrida Bolmish El Etmish Bilge Qaghan | Yingwu Weiyuan Pijia Qaghan (英武威遠毗伽闕可汗) | 747–759 |
| Yaoluoge Yidijian | Tengrida Qut Bolmish El Tutmish Alp Külüg Bilge Qaghan | Yingyi Qaghan (英義可汗) | 759–780 |
| Yaoluoge Dunmohe | Alp Qutlugh Bilge Qaghan | Wuyi Chenggong Qaghan (武義成功可汗)
Changshou Tianqin Qaghan (長壽天親可汗) |
780–789 |
| Yaoluoge Duoluosi | Kulug Bilge Qaghan | Zhongzhen Qaghan (忠貞可汗) | 789–790 |
| Yaoluoge Achuo | Qutluq Bilge Qaghan | Fengcheng Qaghan (奉誠可汗) | 790–795 |
With the death of Yaoluoge Achuo in 795, the main line of the Yaglakar clan ceased to exist. However, successive khagans adopted the Yaglakar surname for prestige.[6] The rest of the clan members were exiled to the Tang capital Chang'an. An epitaph was found in 2010 in Xi'an which belonged to one of the Yaglakar princes, Prince Gechuai (葛啜王子),[7] younger brother of Yaoluoge Dunmohe[8] who died of cold fever on 11 June 795 and was buried on 28 June 795.
Another line of the Yaglakar clan came to rule the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom in 890s.[9]
Ganzhou Uyghur kings
| Personal Name | Turkic title | Chinese title | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yaoluoge Renmei | Yingyi Qaghan (英義可汗) | 911–924 | |
| Yaoluoge Aduo/Diyin/Renyu | Shunhua Qaghan (順化可汗)
Fenghua Qaghan (奉化可汗) |
924–959 | |
| Yaoluoge Jingjiong | 960–975 | ||
| Yaoluoge Milie | Yaglakar Bilge Qaghan | 976–983 | |
| Yaoluoge? | Zhongshun Baode Qaghan (忠順保德可汗) | 1004–1016 | |
| Yaoluoge Guihua | Huaining Shunhua Qaghan (懷甯順化可汗) | 1016–1023 | |
| Yaoluoge Tongshun | Guizhong Baoshun Qaghan (歸忠保順可汗) | 1023–1028 | |
| Yaoluoge Yasu | Baoguo Qaghan (寶國可汗) | 1028–1032 |
The last member of the clan, Baoguo Qaghan, committed suicide in 1032 after the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom was annexed by the Western Xia.[10] Yuri Zuev proposed that the Yaglakar clan survived and eventually became Mongolized under the name "Jalairs".[11] The descendants of the Yaglakars in Qinghai Yugurs often sinicize their surname as Yang.[12]