Yuncheng

Yuncheng was called the "Salt Family" in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Han Dynasty, the salt city was named "Siyan City". Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty named Yuncheng Salt Lake "Shenghui Town" because it benefited the world. The city was built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and was named "Phoenix City" was later renamed "Yuncheng" because of the "City of Salt Luck".^[3]

Yuncheng is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The legendary Chinese ancestors such as Nüwa, Lei Zu, Chi You, Shun, and Yu all were said to have lived here. It is even alleged that Yu established the Xia Dynasty here. During the Warring States Period, the Wei State established its capital here. This marked the beginning of dynastic history in China and laid the foundation for early state formation, making the region not only a political center but also a cultural hub influencing the Central Plains. Anyi, the capital of Wei, is located in Xia County, Yuncheng today.^[4]

Hedong Salt Pond is the earliest salt pond developed and utilized in the world, with a mining history of more than 4,600 years. As an important strategic resource, salt ponds were the common goal of various tribes in the Central Plains of China in ancient China. From the ancient legend of the Yellow Emperor's battle with Chiyou, to the historical records of King Mu of Zhou, Emperor Cheng of Han, Emperor Zhang of Han, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Kangxi and other emperors visiting successively, the Hedong Salt Pond has been regarded as a "national treasure" by successive dynasties.^[5] The salt pond not only supported the livelihoods of local people, but also served as a financial and military resource for dynasties.

In early China,^[when?] it was the location of the state of Kunwu (昆吾). Yuncheng was the site of the Yuncheng Campaign (三打运城), battle between the Kuomintang army and the People's Liberation Army during Chinese civil war.

Yuncheng currently has 6,205 immovable cultural relics, 102 national key cultural relics protection units, and 55 wooden buildings before the Yuan Dynasty.^[6]

In July 2022, archaeologists announced a discovery of a 2.8 cm long 5,200 years old stone carving chrysalis in a semi-crypt house at the Shangguo Site in Wenxi County. Archaeologists made suppositions that this house may have belonged to the Yangshao Culture period, based on the unearthed pottery pieces. According to archaeologist Tian Jianwen, the discovery of stone carving chrysalises provided significant information for the study of the silkworm culture in China.^[7][8]

Yuncheng is located between 34°35′-35°49′ north latitude.^[9] There are 13 county-level administrative divisions under Yuncheng's jurisdiction, including 1 district, 10 counties and 2 county-level cities. The Municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Yanhu District, together with the CPC and Public Security Bureau.

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Map
Yanhu Linyi County Wanrong County Wenxi County Jishan County Xinjiang County Jiang County Yuanqu County Xia County Pinglu County Ruicheng County Yongji (city) Hejin (city)
Name	Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010)	Area (km2)	Density (/km2)
Yanhu District	盐湖区	Yánhú Qū	680,036	1,237	501
Yongji City	永济市	Yǒngjì Shì	444,724	1,221	352
Hejin City	河津市	Héjīn Shì	395,527	593	607
Ruicheng County	芮城县	Ruìchéng Xiàn	394,849	1,161	327
Linyi County	临猗县	Línyī Xiàn	572,508	1,350	393
Wanrong County	万荣县	Wànróng Xiàn	439,364	1,037	405
Xinjiang County	新绛县	Xīnjiàng Xiàn	332,473	600	533
Xia County	夏县	Xià Xiàn	352,821	1,328	264
Jishan County	稷山县	Jìshān Xiàn	347,425	680	485
Wenxi County	闻喜县	Wénxǐ Xiàn	404,150	1,160	328
Jiang County	绛县	Jiàng Xiàn	281,643	968	279
Pinglu County	平陆县	Pínglù Xiàn	258,241	1,151	217
Yuanqu County	垣曲县	Yuánqǔ Xiàn	231,018	1,620	136

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Yuncheng has a continental, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with four distinct seasons.^[10] Due to its southerly location and position to the north of the Zhongtiao Mountains, allowing for downsloping when winds are from the south, it is among the warmest locales in the province. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and humid. Monthly mean temperatures range from −0.6 °C (30.9 °F) in January to 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 14.23 °C (57.6 °F). Over 60% of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September.The average frost-free period across the city is between 188 and 238 days.^[9] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 45% in March to 54% in May and July, the city receives 2,219 hours of bright sunshine annually, low by Shanxi standards and North China.

• Guan Yu, general and deified historical figure
• Guan Hanqing, Dramatist
• Jing Haipeng, PLAAC astronaut
• Zhang Ziyi, Chinese zootechnician
• Gladys Aylward, British missionary who works in the city in the 1930s

• Yuncheng Station Has a maximum daily passenger volume of 14,000^[14]
• China National Highway 209
• G59 Hohhot–Beihai Expressway
• Datong–Xi'an Passenger Railway, with frequent service to Beijing, Taiyuan, and Xi'an.^[15] Besides the Yuncheng North Railway Station (near Yuncheng's central city), the railway also has stations at Yongji and Wenxi.
• Yuncheng Yanhu International Airport (ICAO: ZBYC, IATA: YCU) is located on Guan Gong West Street in Taocun Town, Yancheng City, Shanxi Province, China.

• Chinese frigate Yuncheng