Zafar (newspaper)

Zafar was first published in Tehran on 22 June 1944.^[2] The license of the paper belonged to Rıza Rusta, head of the Tudeh Party Workers' Union.^[2] The paper was a daily publication and an official media outlet of the Union.^[3][4] It featured articles about the activities of the Tudeh Party, including those of the party founders.^[3]

Until 1947 the paper was banned several times and replaced by other publications.^[2] For instance, on 8 December 1946 Zafar and its sister publication Rahbar were shut down by the Iranian government due to their harsh criticisms over the policies towards the US.^[5] Under such conditions it was clandestinely distributed in the country.^[1] Zafar reappeared in January 1947 when its ban dated 8 December 1946 had been removed on 31 December 1946.^[2][5] The paper continued to be published in February 1947, but soon it was closed once more and was not restarted again.^[2]