Zamia inermis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Zamia inermis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Zamia inermis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | Zamia |
| Species: | Z. inermis |
| Binomial name | |
| Zamia inermis Vovides, J.D.Rees & Vázq.Torres | |
Zamia inermis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Actopan, Veracruz state, in eastern Mexico. It is a Critically endangered species, threatened by habitat loss to make way for farming, as well as other factors such as frequent wildfires, the possible disappearance of its pollinators, exposure to pesticides from crops, soil erosion, and being over-harvested for decorative purposes.[1]
It was estimated that there were 300-350 individuals in 2020.[1]
Zamia inermis has a stem 15 to 43 centimetres (5.9 to 16.9 in) tall and 8.6 to 26.4 centimetres (3.4 to 10.4 in) in diameter, greyish in color. The stem is often branched in older plants. There are 10 to 25 compound-leaves on a crown, standing upright. Emergent leaves are light to yellowish-green. Mature leaves are 30 to 95 centimetres (12 to 37 in) long and 43.5 to 60 centimetres (17.1 to 23.6 in) wide. The petiole (stalk) is 18 to 41 centimetres (7.1 to 16.1 in) long and the leaf axis is 15 to 19 centimetres (5.9 to 7.5 in) long. Both are smooth, with no prickles. There are 27 to 32 pairs of leaflets which are linear-lanceolate in shape with smooth edges. Leaflets in the middle of the leaf are 20 to 30.5 centimetres (7.9 to 12.0 in) long and 0.9 to 1.2 centimetres (0.35 to 0.47 in) wide.[2]
Like all Zamias, Zamia inermis is dioecious, with each plant being either male or female. There are usually one or two, sometimes up to six, male strobili (cones) on a plant. They are cylindrical, upright, up to 9.1 centimetres (3.6 in) long, up to 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) in diameter, and beige-yellowish in color. They sit on peduncles (stalks) that are up to 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) tall, covered with thick light-yellow hairs. There are usually one or two female cones on a plant, which are erect, cylindrical, 13 to 23 centimetres (5.1 to 9.1 in) tall, 8 to 9.8 centimetres (3.1 to 3.9 in) in diameter, and covered with light-brown to beige hairs. The female cones sit on peduncles that are 6 to 8 centimetres (2.4 to 3.1 in) long, 1.2 to 1.4 centimetres (0.47 to 0.55 in) in diameter, and covered with brown hairs. Seeds are ovoid, 1.7 to 2.5 millimetres (0.067 to 0.098 in) long and 1.4 to 2.1 millimetres (0.055 to 0.083 in) in diameter. The sarcotesta (pulpy seed coat) is smooth, starting pink and turning red when mature. The chromosome number is 2n=16.[3][4]
The species name inermis refers to the complete lack of prickles on the leaves.[5]
Zamia inermis is part of the Fischeri clade.
Habitat and distribution
Zamia inermis originally grew in deciduous tropical dry forests, primarily inhabiting steep slopes located in low mountainous regions at altitudes ranging from 200 to 300 meters. The plants grow in thin, arid volcanic soils with limited organic content, adapting to the challenges of such environments. Their presence is not confined to level ground, as they also grow on steep slopes within their designated habitat.[1]
Zamia inermis is endemic to central Veracruz state. The known natural population is found in small, scattered patches making up three sub-populations on two hills within a 9.7 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi) area.[6] In 2017, the wild population was reported to consist of 654 plants. Only 63 seedlings appeared over the three years up to 2017, 80% of which died.[7]