Zavikon Island

History of the estate

The three islands of the Zavikon estate had once been part of the lands of the indigenous Mississaugas ^[C] of Alnwick. In 1856, this group of Mississauga Ojibweg surrendered their islands in the Thousand Islands region of the St. Lawrence River to the Crown. The agreement required that the funds from the sale of the surrendered islands be invested and the interest paid annually to the Alnwick Mississaugas, who are now known as the Alderville First Nation.^[23]

An official survey of the Canadian Thousand Islands between Gananoque and Brockville was done in 1873 at the direction of Canada's Secretary of State for the Provinces (who was also Superintendent General of Indian Affairs ^[24][25]) and published in March 1874 (see image). A copy was deposited as Plan 120 in Ontario's Land Registry Office for Leeds County (Leeds LRO 28) in December 1882. Additions were made to the official plan in April 1893 as per a new survey. These additions included the previously absent Island 103B and a label for previously unnumbered Island 103A.^[2][19][26]

Following the 1893 survey, the Canada-US boundary through the St. Lawrence River was more precisely demarcated under a UK-US treaty of 1908. The new charts for the boundary (see image) were approved in August 1913, engraved on copper printing plates during 1913–1914,^[D] and issued in May 1915 by the binational International Waterways Commission, which had conducted the new surveys.^{[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]}

Ownership of each of the three islands that would become the Zavikon estate was transferred individually by the Department of Indian Affairs via Crown Land Patents in 1894, 1897, and 1901, respectively. In accordance with the 1856 surrender, the patents stated that the islands were sold "in order that the proceeds may be applied to the benefit, support and advantage" of the Mississaugas of Alnwick. The documents cited the official survey plans of 1874 and 1893 as held in the Department rather than the Plan 120 held in the local Land Registry Office.^[35][36][37]

The first private owners of the respective islands ^[2] were as follows:

• Aspasia Island – Charles Berkeley Powell of Ottawa, Ontario – November 21, 1894;^[35][38]
• Island 103A – William George Hurdman of Ottawa, Ontario – December 27, 1897;^[36][39]
• Island 103B – Emilie Delphine Robb of New York City (Brooklyn) – November 2, 1901, as per an agreement of October 9.^[37][40]

Emilie D. Robb (née Taylor, also known as "Mrs. Alexander Robb") purchased Aspasia Island and Island 103A from Powell and Hurdman on October 16 and 12, 1901, respectively.^[2][41] Her country house was completed in August 1902 and the estate was given the name of Zavikon.^{[17][41][42][43]}

Zavikon was frequently misspelled in early newspaper reports, e.g., Zavicon, Zabikon, Zaoikon.^[43][44][45] The entries for Emilie and Alexander Robb in the annual Brooklyn Blue Book and Long Island Society Register of 1910–1922 spelled the title as Zavikön, with two dots (umlaut) above the "o".^[46] This spelling was also used in the Robbs' entries in the 1910–1915 annual summer issues of Social Register: "Robb Mr & Mrs Alex (Emily D Taylor). 'Zavikön' Alexandria Bay NY" [bold emphasis added].^[47]

The application of the name Zavikon to the entire three-island estate is demonstrated by the June 1918 deed that transferred its ownership from Emilie D. Robb to Andrew McLean of the City of Passaic, New Jersey. This deed described the property as follows:

• "... Three certain parcels or tracts of land and premises situate, lying and being in the St. Lawrence River, lying opposite Lot Number Nine (9) in the broken front of the Township of Escott in the County of Leeds and Province of Ontario, the whole of such parcels being commonly known as 'Zavikon' and being respectively described as follows:

• Firstly: 'Aspasia Island', containing by admeasurement one acre, and two-fifths of an acre, be the same more or less, as shown on a Plan of Record in the Department of Indian Affairs prepared by Charles Unwin, Provincial Land Surveyor, dated at Toronto March 2nd, 1874;

• Secondly: 'Island No. 103-A', containing Three-tenths of one acre, be the same more or less, as shown on a Plan of Record in the Department of Indian Affairs prepared by Walter Beatty, Provincial Land Surveyor, dated at Ottawa 20th April, 1893;

• Thirdly: 'Island No. 103-B', containing one-twentieth of one acre, be the same more or less, as shown on a Plan of Record in the Department of Indian Affairs prepared by Walter Beatty, Provincial Land Surveyor, dated at Ottawa 20th April, 1893." ^[17] [italic and bold emphases added]

At some point following this transaction, the new owner adopted the title of Zavikon Island for the estate. In June 1931, when the executors of the will of Andrew McLean sold the estate to Philip A. Castner of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the above text was repeated nearly verbatim in the applicable deeds with the substitution of Zavikon Island for Zavikon.^[2][20][21]

In subsequent transfers of ownership,^[2] the text quoted above – with the title Zavikon Island for the three-island estate – was repeated in the respective deeds:

• 1945 May – Heir and estate of Phillip A. Castner to Leon Edson Lewis of Rochester, New York;^[48]
• 1950 September – Leon Edson Lewis to Robert F. Rich and Julia T. Rich of Woolrich, Pennsylvania;^[49]
• 1951 January – R.F. Rich and J.T. Rich to Woolrich Woolen Mills,^[50] with the belated approval of a Licence in Mortmain;^[E]
• 1975 April – Woolrich Woolen Mills to Donald Sheridan Rickerd ^[F] of Toronto, Ontario,^[58] via a Deed of Land to Uses.^[G]

In Woolrich Woolen Mills' 1974 and 1975 filings with the Ontario authorities, the company gave its address in Ontario as "Aspasia Islands 103-A and 103-B, Municipality of Front of Ascot [sic]".^[54] On February 12, 1988, Aspasia Island was officially renamed Zavikon Island.^[1][5] As of March 23, 2026, no transactions for the estate have been registered at the Land Registry Office since May 1975.^[2][64]