Zhao Chou

Meanwhile, as the Tang generals began to gather their forces to force Huang Chao out of Chang'an, Zhao Chou began to anticipate the likelihood that Huang, who had by that point claimed the title of Emperor of Qi but who was suffering defeats at Tang generals' hands, would abandon Chang'an and head east, particularly since Huang bore particular resentment to Zhongwu Circuit due to the prior engagements that he had with the Zhongwu army. In preparation, he repaired the city walls and stored excess food supplies, and ordered the people living within 60 li (about 30 kilometers) to move into the city. He divided his soldiers and had his brothers Zhao Chang (趙昶) and Zhao Xu (趙珝), as well as his sons Zhao Lu (趙麓) and Zhao Lin command them.^[3]

In spring 883, Huang, under the pressure of the Tang general Li Keyong, abandoned Chang'an and fled east. He initially attacked Tang's Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered at Cai Prefecture (蔡州), also in modern Zhumadian); the military governor of Fengguo Circuit, Qin Zongquan, submitted to Huang and joined his forces to Huang's. Huang then sent his general Meng Kai (孟楷) to attack Chen Prefecture. Zhao Chou initially feigned weakness to draw Meng in, and then ambushed Meng, killing him. Huang, angry over Meng's death, put Chen under siege for months, but could not capture it, and during the siege, Zhao made repeated surprise attacks against Huang's army. He also sought aid from the nearby military governors; among those, Zhou Ji the military governor of Zhongwu, Shi Pu the military governor of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu all sent aid. However, they were all unable to lift the siege that Huang's army was putting on Chen. Fearing the strength of Huang's army, they sought aid from Li Keyong, who had by then been made the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Li Keyong crossed the Yellow River south and engaged Huang's army. Fearing Li Keyong's strength, Huang lifted the siege on Chen after some 300 days, in summer 884.^[3]

However, after Huang Chao's subsequent death,^[3] Qin Zongquan did not resubmit to Tang authority; rather, he began pillaging some 20 prefectures around his circuit, and would eventually declare himself emperor of a new state. Despite Chen's military weakness by that point, Zhao Chou held out against Qin, and Qin could not capture Chen. For Zhao's accomplishments, Emperor Xizong gave him the title of military governor of Fengguo. As Zhu Quanzhong repeatedly sent him aid, Zhao became a close ally of Zhu's, and did whatever Zhu asked of him; he also had his son Zhao Lin (whose name was changed to Zhao Yan by this point) marry one of Zhu's daughters (the future Princess Changle) to cement the alliance.^[1][4]

In 888, after Zhu repeatedly defeated Qin, Qin's own subordinates overthrew him and delivered him to Zhu, who delivered him to Chang'an to be executed. After Qin's defeat, Emperor Xizong bestowed the honorary chancellor title of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事) on Zhao and also made him the military governor of Zhongwu,^[5] moving the capital from Xu Prefecture to Chen.^[6][7]

By that time, however, Zhao was very ill. He entrusted the matters of the circuit to his brother Zhao Chang and submitted a petition, seeking retirement. As a result, Emperor Xizong issued an edict making Zhao Chang the military governor of Zhongwu. Zhao Chou died soon thereafter.^[5]

• New Book of Tang, vol. 189.
• History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 14.
• New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 42.
• Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 255, 256, 258.