Gőgös is a founding member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) since October 1989. He was elected into the leadership of the local party branch in Pápa then. He served as vice-chairman then deputy chairman of the party's Veszprém County branch from 1996. He was a candidate for the 1990 parliamentary election, but did not secure a mandate. He was elected into the Pápa local representative body during the 1994 municipal election. He became a member of the General Assembly of Veszprém County after the 1998 municipal election.[1]
He was elected a Member of Parliament via his party's Veszprém County regional list in the 2002 parliamentary election. During his first parliamentary term, he was involved in the Budget and Finance Committee and the Agriculture Committee (serving its vice-chairman after 2004). He was re-elected MP during the 2006 parliamentary election, and was a member of the National Security Committee for a short time. He was appointed Secretary of State for Agriculture and Rural Development in the second cabinet of Ferenc Gyurcsány on 1 July 2006, serving under minister József Gráf. He held the office until the 2010 parliamentary election, when the Socialist Party was severely defeated by Fidesz. Gőgös gained a seat from his party's national list and became again a vice-chairman of the Agriculture Committee.
He lost his mandate in the 2014 parliamentary election. A confidant of newly elected party leader József Tóbiás, he was elected deputy chairman of the Hungarian Socialist Party on 19 July 2014. He regained his mandate via the party national list on 27 October 2014, when replaced László Botka, who resigned as MP.[3] Gőgös became a member of the Legislative Committee in June 2015. He secured a mandate from the MSZP national list in the 2018 parliamentary election, when Fidesz won its third consecutive supermajority. The entire Socialist leadership resigned, including Gőgös, who also announced his retirement from politics, abandoning the obtained mandate.[4]