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Demografía de Serbia
conjunto de características, dinámica, estructura y evolución de la población de Serbia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Los datos de demografía de Serbia son muy variables debido a los últimos acontecimientos ocurridos en la antigua Yugoslavia, que arrojan un importante censo de población flotante formada, sobre todo, por refugiados de otras ex repúblicas que se desplazaron a Serbia y no constan en ningún censo. Durante la guerra de Kosovo se produjo una avalancha de refugiados serbios (denunciada por ACNUR) que abandonaron territorio kosovar y se instalaron en Serbia.[1] Estos refugiados (se estima que doscientos mil, aunque el Gobierno serbio cree que son muchos más)[2] no figuran en ningún censo, ya que el último censo oficial fue realizado en 2002, y en el mismo no se incluyeron datos de Kosovo.[3] El siguiente censo se realizó en 2011 y dio como resultado una población de 7.186.862 habitantes, con una proyección estimada para el 2017 de 7.058.322 habitantes.[4]
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color RoyalBlue serbios color MediumPurple húngaros color ForestGreen bosnios color Crimson croatas color DimGray albaneses color Perú eslovacos color DarkGray sin datos
Población
La población de Serbia presentó un aumento progresivo hasta fines de la década de 1990. Tras la caída del bloque soviético y la participación del país en la Guerra de los Balcanes, la población comenzó un progresivo descenso, perdiendo aproximadamente casi un millón de personas desde 1990 hasta el 2021 (7.897.000 a 6.926.705 habitantes)
Ciudades más habitadas
Según los datos del censo de 2002, las ciudades más habitadas de Serbia y Kosovo[5] son las siguientes:[3]
Grupos étnicos
Según los últimos censos, las principales etnias que habitaban el territorio de Serbia eran las siguientes, en número de individuos:[3]
| Etnia group |
censo 1948 | censo 1953 | censo 1961 | censo 1971 | censo 1981 | censo 1991 | censo 2002[6] | censo 2011[7] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | Número | % | |
| Serbios | 4,651,819 | 80.2 | 4,963,070 | 80.4 | 5,477,670 | 82.0 | 5,788,547 | 80.4 | 5,972,661 | 77.3 | 6,252,405 | 79.9 | 6,212,838 | 82.9 | 5,988,150 | 83.3 |
| Húngaros | 433,618 | 7.5 | 441,748 | 7.2 | 449,377 | 6.7 | 430,145 | 6.0 | 390,321 | 5.0 | 343,800 | 4.4 | 293,299 | 3.9 | 253,899 | 3.5 |
| Romanos | 40,951 | 0.7 | 46,896 | 0.8 | 6,624 | 0.1 | 35,301 | 0.5 | 76,833 | 1.0 | 94,492 | 1.2 | 108,193 | 1.4 | 147,604 | 2.1 |
| musulmanes | 7,636 | 0.1 | 74,840 | 1.2 | 85,441 | 1.3 | 127,973 | 1.8 | 156,604 | 2.0 | 180,222 | 2.3 | 19,503 | 0.3 | 22,301 | 0.3 |
| Bosnios | 136,087 | 1.8 | 145,278 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
| Croatas | 164,574 | 2.8 | 167,045 | 2.7 | 189,158 | 2.8 | 176,649 | 2.5 | 140,650 | 1.8 | 97,344 | 1.2 | 70,602 | 0.9 | 57,900 | 0.8 |
| Eslovacos | 73,138 | 1.3 | 75,006 | 1.2 | 77,816 | 1.2 | 76,707 | 1.1 | 73,170 | 0.9 | 66,772 | 0.9 | 59,021 | 0.8 | 52,750 | 0.7 |
| Albanos | 33,769 | 0.6 | 40,954 | 0.7 | 53,167 | 0.8 | 68,593 | 1.0 | 76,296 | 1.0 | 78,281 | 1.0 | 61,647 | 0.8 | 5,809 | 0.1 |
| Montenegrinos | 46,810 | 0.8 | 54,718 | 0.9 | 67,165 | 1.0 | 93,705 | 1.3 | 120,438 | 1.6 | 118,934 | 1.5 | 69,049 | 0.9 | 38,527 | 0.5 |
| Vlachs | 93,440 | 1.6 | 28,047 | 0.5 | 1,367 | 0.0 | 14,719 | 0.2 | 25,592 | 0.3 | 17,804 | 0.2 | 40,054 | 0.5 | 35,330 | 0.5 |
| Rumanos | 63,112 | 1.1 | 59,689 | 1.0 | 59,492 | 0.9 | 57,399 | 0.8 | 53,676 | 0.7 | 42,316 | 0.5 | 34,576 | 0.5 | 29,332 | 0.4 |
| Yugoeslavos | 14,873 | 0.2 | 122,904 | 1.7 | 439,265 | 5.7 | 320,168 | 4.1 | 80,721 | 1.1 | 23,303 | 0.3 | ||||
| Macedonios | 17,391 | 0.3 | 26,305 | 0.4 | 35,146 | 0.5 | 41,627 | 0.6 | 47,930 | 0.6 | 45,068 | 0.6 | 25,847 | 0.3 | 22,755 | 0.3 |
| Bulgaros | 59,395 | 1.0 | 60,146 | 1.0 | 58,243 | 0.9 | 53,536 | 0.7 | 33,294 | 0.4 | 26,698 | 0.3 | 20,497 | 0.3 | 18,543 | 0.3 |
| Others[8] /unspecified | 114,493 | 2.0 | 132,549 | 2.1 | 102,700 | 1.5 | 115,093 | 1.6 | 122,506 | 1.6 | 138,491 | 1.8 | 266,067 | 3.5 | 345,381 | 4.8 |
| Total | 5,800,146 | 6,171,013 | 6,678,239 | 7,202,898 | 7,729,236 | 7,822,795 | 7,498,001 | 7,186,862 | ||||||||
Religión
La religión mayoritaria y oficial del país (sin incluir Kosovo) es la Ortodoxa serbia, seguida por un 85 % de sus habitantes. El 5,5 % son católicos, el 1,1 % protestantes, el 3,2 % musulmanes, y el 5,2 % ateos, de religión desconocida y otras.[9] En Kosovo, aproximadamente el 90% de la población son musulmanes.[9]
Idioma
El idioma oficial del país es el serbio, que es hablado por el 88,3% de la población. Un 3,8 % habla húngaro, y el 1,8 % romaní. En Voivodina son cooficiales el rumano, húngaro, eslovaco, ucraniano y croata[9] Estos datos no incluyen a Kosovo, donde son cooficiales el serbio y el albanés, que es hablado por un 90 % de la población.[9]
Nacimientos y defunciones
Fuente: Estadísticas oficiales de la República de Serbia[14]
Datos para Serbia excluyendo Kosovo
| Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Cambio natural (por 1000) | Tasa de fertilidad | Female fertile population (15–49 years) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 5,969,977 | 163,297 | 76,851 | 86,446 | 27.4 | 12.9 | 14.5 | 3.11 | 1,667,489 |
| 1951 | 6,045,982 | 145,197 | 80,034 | 65,163 | 24.0 | 13.2 | 10.8 | 2.70 | 1,679,515 |
| 1952 | 6,106,976 | 161,306 | 67,870 | 93,436 | 26.4 | 11.1 | 15.3 | 2.94 | 1,691,530 |
| 1953 | 6,186,015 | 151,672 | 68,168 | 83,504 | 24.5 | 11.0 | 13.5 | 2.69 | 1,703,548 |
| 1954 | 6,271,014 | 152,569 | 62,610 | 89,959 | 24.3 | 10.0 | 14.3 | 2.66 | 1,714,614 |
| 1955 | 6,369,436 | 140,396 | 65,179 | 75,217 | 22.0 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 2.42 | 1,725,685 |
| 1956 | 6,422,999 | 132,078 | 67,105 | 64,973 | 20.6 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 2.26 | 1,736,751 |
| 1957 | 6,481,984 | 118,535 | 61,885 | 56,650 | 18.3 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 2.03 | 1,739,485 |
| 1958 | 6,535,020 | 118,425 | 55,564 | 62,861 | 18.1 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 2.05 | 1,742,115 |
| 1959 | 6,587,014 | 114,872 | 60,850 | 54,022 | 17.4 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 2.02 | 1,739,287 |
| 1960 | 6,638,992 | 119,298 | 61,872 | 57,426 | 18.0 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 2.12 | 1,733,296 |
| 1961 | 6,689,077 | 115,222 | 57,990 | 57,232 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 2.08 | 1,727,303 |
| 1962 | 6,740,264 | 110,008 | 62,830 | 47,178 | 16.3 | 9.3 | 7.0 | 2.03 | 1,735,235 |
| 1963 | 6,787,950 | 108,324 | 57,778 | 50,546 | 16.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 2.02 | 1,750,899 |
| 1964 | 6,832,855 | 103,847 | 62,100 | 41,747 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 1.96 | 1,769,796 |
| 1965 | 6,876,624 | 106,699 | 58,856 | 47,843 | 15.5 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 2.02 | 1,807,362 |
| 1966 | 6,927,969 | 103,775 | 55,471 | 48,304 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 1.98 | 1,843,693 |
| 1967 | 6,966,522 | 103,491 | 62,915 | 40,576 | 14.9 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 1.96 | 1,887,344 |
| 1968 | 7,007,586 | 103,621 | 60,932 | 42,689 | 14.8 | 8.7 | 6.1 | 1.95 | 1,945,878 |
| 1969 | 7,123,249 | 105,478 | 68,152 | 37,326 | 14.8 | 9.6 | 5.2 | 1.93 | 1,972,004 |
| 1970 | 7,164,993 | 102,453 | 67,211 | 35,242 | 14.3 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 1.81 | 2,012,702 |
| 1971 | 7,211,716 | 104,070 | 65,872 | 38,198 | 14.4 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 1.83 | 2,020,324 |
| 1972 | 7,267,030 | 106,859 | 70,822 | 36,037 | 14.7 | 9.7 | 5.0 | 1.83 | 2,019,717 |
| 1973 | 7,322,344 | 108,361 | 67,152 | 41,209 | 14.8 | 9.2 | 5.6 | 1.84 | 2,036,056 |
| 1974 | 7,377,659 | 110,458 | 66,457 | 44,001 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 1.86 | 2,020,513 |
| 1975 | 7,432,973 | 112,945 | 69,590 | 43,355 | 15.2 | 9.4 | 5.8 | 1.88 | 2,010,021 |
| 1976 | 7,488,287 | 114,035 | 68,565 | 45,470 | 15.2 | 9.2 | 6.1 | 1.89 | 2,002,713 |
| 1977 | 7,543,601 | 111,510 | 68,924 | 42,586 | 14.8 | 9.1 | 5.6 | 1.86 | 1,994,191 |
| 1978 | 7,598,916 | 110,622 | 71,986 | 38,636 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 5.1 | 1.86 | 1,974,022 |
| 1979 | 7,654,230 | 109,953 | 72,306 | 37,647 | 14.4 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 1.87 | 1,986,006 |
| 1980 | 7,709,544 | 109,597 | 76,180 | 33,417 | 14.2 | 9.9 | 4.3 | 1.86 | 1,997,988 |
| 1981 | 7,736,787 | 103,407 | 78,086 | 25,321 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.76 | 1,977,061 |
| 1982 | 7,763,335 | 106,575 | 78,473 | 28,102 | 13.7 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 1.84 | 1,947,609 |
| 1983 | 7,788,100 | 108,003 | 83,506 | 24,497 | 13.9 | 10.7 | 3.1 | 1.89 | 1,914,434 |
| 1984 | 7,813,549 | 107,036 | 82,742 | 24,294 | 13.7 | 10.6 | 3.1 | 1.90 | 1,921,422 |
| 1985 | 7,835,902 | 101,938 | 81,836 | 20,102 | 13.0 | 10.4 | 2.6 | 1.84 | 1,920,627 |
| 1986 | 7,853,824 | 99,419 | 83,977 | 15,442 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 2.0 | 1.82 | 1,911,361 |
| 1987 | 7,868,027 | 98,279 | 83,426 | 14,853 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 1.9 | 1.82 | 1,919,612 |
| 1988 | 7,884,218 | 97,471 | 83,616 | 13,855 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 1.8 | 1.82 | 1,899,146 |
| 1989 | 7,893,787 | 91,270 | 85,256 | 6,014 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 0.8 | 1.72 | 1,895,541 |
| 1990 | 7,897,937 | 90,467 | 85,515 | 4,952 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 1.72 | 1,899,883 |
| 1991 | 7,824,589 | 90,378 | 89,072 | 1,306 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 0.2 | 1.82 | 1,813,520 |
| 1992 | 7,787,897 | 86,877 | 93,475 | -6,598 | 11.2 | 12.0 | -0.8 | 1.76 | 1,821,688 |
| 1993 | 7,751,205 | 87,931 | 95,121 | -7,190 | 11.3 | 12.3 | -0.9 | 1.78 | 1,833,456 |
| 1994 | 7,714,513 | 85,292 | 93,011 | -7,719 | 11.1 | 12.1 | -1.0 | 1.72 | 1,846,610 |
| 1995 | 7,677,821 | 86,236 | 93,933 | -7,697 | 11.2 | 12.2 | -1.0 | 1.74 | 1,860,970 |
| 1996 | 7,641,129 | 82,548 | 98,370 | -15,822 | 10.8 | 12.9 | -2.1 | 1.66 | 1,868,882 |
| 1997 | 7,604,437 | 79,716 | 98,068 | -18,352 | 10.5 | 12.9 | -2.4 | 1.61 | 1,864,628 |
| 1998 | 7,567,745 | 76,330 | 99,376 | -23,046 | 10.1 | 13.1 | -3.0 | 1.54 | 1,855,228 |
| 1999 | 7,540,401 | 72,222 | 101,444 | -29,222 | 9.6 | 13.5 | -3.9 | 1.46 | 1,844,875 |
| 2000 | 7,516,346 | 73,764 | 104,042 | -30,278 | 9.8 | 13.8 | -4.0 | 1.48 | 1,831,994 |
| 2001 | 7,503,433 | 78,435 | 99,008 | -20,573 | 10.5 | 13.2 | -2.7 | 1.58 | 1,821,493 |
| 2002 | 7,500,031 | 78,101 | 102,785 | -24,684 | 10.4 | 13.7 | -3.3 | 1.57 | 1,810,526 |
| 2003 | 7,480,591 | 79,025 | 103,946 | -24,921 | 10.6 | 13.9 | -3.3 | 1.59 | 1,789,668 |
| 2004[15] | 7,463,157 | 78,186 | 104,320 | -26,134 | 10.5 | 14.0 | -3.5 | 1.57 | 1,770,053 |
| 2005 | 7,440,769 | 72,180 | 106,771 | -34,591 | 9.7 | 14.3 | -4.6 | 1.45 | 1,750,845 |
| 2006 | 7,411,569 | 70,997 | 102,884 | -31,887 | 9.6 | 13.9 | -4.3 | 1.43 | 1,733,316 |
| 2007 | 7,381,579 | 68,102 | 102,805 | -34,703 | 9.2 | 13.9 | -4.7 | 1.38 | 1,718,428 |
| 2008 | 7,350,222 | 69,083 | 102,711 | -33,628 | 9.4 | 14.0 | -4.6 | 1.41 | 1,704,735 |
| 2009 | 7,320,807 | 70,299 | 104,000 | -33,701 | 9.6 | 14.2 | -4.6 | 1.44 | 1,691,363 |
| 2010[16] | 7,291,436 | 68,304 | 103,211 | -34,907 | 9.4 | 14.2 | -4.8 | 1.41 | 1,677,562 |
| 2011 | 7,236,519 | 65,598 | 102,935 | -37,337 | 9.1 | 14.2 | -5.2 | 1.40 | 1,632,708 |
| 2012 | 7,201,497 | 67,257 | 102,400 | -35,143 | 9.3 | 14.2 | -4.9 | 1.45 | 1,615,898 |
| 2013 | 7,166,552 | 65,554 | 100,300 | -34,746 | 9.1 | 14.0 | -4.8 | 1.43 | 1,599,129 |
| 2014 | 7,131,787 | 66,461 | 101,247 | -34,786 | 9.3 | 14.2 | -4.9 | 1.47 | 1,582,643 |
| 2015 | 7,095,383 | 65,657 | 103,678 | -38,021 | 9.3 | 14.6 | -5.4 | 1.46 | 1,566,064 |
| 2016 | 7,058,322 | 64,734 | 100,834 | -36,100 | 9.2 | 14.3 | -5.1 | 1.46 | 1,550,651 |
| 2017 | 7,020,858 | 64,894 | 103,722 | -38,828 | 9.2 | 14.8 | -5.5 | 1.48 | 1,537,044 |
| 2018[17] | 6,982,604 | 63,975 | 101,655 | -37,680 | 9.2 | 14.6 | -5.4 | 1.48 | 1,523,675 |
| 2019[18][19] | 6,945,235 | 64,399 | 101,458 | -37,059 | 9.3 | 14.6 | -5.3 | 1.52 | 1,510,363 |
| 2020p[20] | 6,926,705 | 61,693 | 114,954 | -53,261 | |||||
| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) | |
| Total 1950-2018 | 6,760,974 | 5,681,634 | 1,079,340 | 934.3 | 785.1 | 149.1 | |||
| Average 1950-2018 | 7,236,775 | 97,985 | 82,343 | 15,643 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 2.2 | 1.86 | 1,813,209 |
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