Índice de integridad del paisaje forestal
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El índice de integridad del paisaje forestal (Inglés: Forest Landscape Integrity Index, siglas FLII) es un índice global anual del estado de los bosques medido por el grado de modificación antropogénica.[1][2][3][4][5]
172 países fueron clasificados en 2019:[6]
| Pays | IIPF mediano | Baja integridad (km²) | Integridad media (km²) | Alta integridad (km²) | Área total de bosque (km²) | Carte |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Seychelles | 10 | 0 | 0 | 68 | 68 |  |
 Sudán | 9.8 | 1 | 72 | 495 | 569 |  |
 Guyana | 9.58 | 4162 | 40817 | 147413 | 192391 |  |
 Sudán del Sur | 9.45 | 5083 | 59389 | 146218 | 210691 |  |
 Surinam | 9.39 | 6796 | 25031 | 107954 | 139781 |  |
 Mongolia | 9.36 | 520 | 11915 | 27407 | 39841 |  |
 República Centroafricana | 9.28 | 30161 | 139350 | 379097 | 548608 |  |
 Botsuana | 9.13 | 13 | 187 | 372 | 572 |  |
 Gabón | 9.07 | 11780 | 118348 | 120852 | 250979 |  |
 Rusia | 9.02 | 739484 | 2245281 | 5137079 | 8121843 |  |
 Canadá | 8.99 | 480206 | 1027386 | 2968268 | 4475860 |  |
 República del Congo | 8.89 | 24512 | 124215 | 158184 | 306911 |  |
 Kirguistán | 8.86 | 329 | 2819 | 2761 | 5909 |  |
 Perú | 8.86 | 85793 | 190547 | 509720 | 786061 |  |
 Afganistán | 8.85 | 90 | 1475 | 977 | 2542 |  |
 Bután | 8.85 | 1620 | 16769 | 10140 | 28529 |  |
 Papúa Nueva Guinea | 8.84 | 37294 | 183415 | 216355 | 437064 |  |
 Vanuatu | 8.82 | 734 | 5322 | 4448 | 10504 |  |
 Venezuela | 8.78 | 64650 | 170792 | 351112 | 586554 |  |
 Tayikistán | 8.65 | 34 | 137 | 130 | 301 |  |
 Bolivia | 8.47 | 78745 | 280532 | 272007 | 631284 |  |
 Namibia | 8.43 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 36 |  |
 Angola | 8.35 | 105487 | 284054 | 315895 | 705436 |  |
 Fiyi | 8.35 | 1753 | 10802 | 3594 | 16148 |  |
 Colombia | 8.26 | 150737 | 272442 | 428320 | 851499 |  |
 Kazajistán | 8.23 | 6068 | 18926 | 15294 | 40288 |  |
 Palaos | 8.09 | 45 | 333 | 9 | 387 |  |
 Corea del Norte | 8.02 | 8374 | 40156 | 8410 | 56939 |  |
 Camerún | 8 | 66191 | 181336 | 119263 | 366789 |  |
 Guinea Ecuatorial | 7.99 | 3982 | 17595 | 5007 | 26585 |  |
 Georgia | 7.79 | 6982 | 17803 | 9784 | 34570 |  |
 Brunéi | 7.71 | 1102 | 2842 | 1498 | 5442 |  |
 Comoras | 7.69 | 284 | 1149 | 82 | 1515 |  |
 Irán | 7.67 | 3361 | 12930 | 2162 | 18453 |  |
 Ecuador | 7.66 | 48822 | 77585 | 73492 | 199900 |  |
 República Democrática del Congo | 7.56 | 533118 | 935508 | 727983 | 2196608 |  |
 Micronesia | 7.55 | 8 | 35 | 0 | 43 |  |
 Brasil | 7.52 | 1374902 | 1354961 | 2338101 | 5067963 |  |
 Zambia | 7.5 | 96969 | 164376 | 110822 | 372167 |  |
 Macedonia del Norte | 7.42 | 2034 | 7090 | 459 | 9583 |  |
 Pakistán | 7.42 | 2090 | 7859 | 1139 | 11088 |  |
 Lesoto | 7.4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 |  |
 Chile | 7.37 | 56849 | 41971 | 93537 | 192357 |  |
 Bahamas | 7.35 | 741 | 1935 | 399 | 3075 |  |
.svg){kind=small} Nepal | 7.23 | 13785 | 41992 | 3760 | 59538 |  |
.svg){kind=small} Australia | 7.22 | 117672 | 239624 | 103852 | 461148 |  |
 Argentina | 7.21 | 98249 | 189966 | 72557 | 360772 |  |
 Islas Salomón | 7.19 | 6871 | 15310 | 3149 | 25329 |  |
 Birmania | 7.18 | 129745 | 220188 | 96924 | 446857 |  |
 Etiopía | 7.16 | 52652 | 84430 | 44397 | 181479 |  |
 Mali | 7.16 | 451 | 996 | 140 | 1586 |  |
 Somalia | 7.16 | 347 | 1384 | 46 | 1777 |  |
 China | 7.14 | 533800 | 974431 | 301051 | 1809282 |  |
 Tanzania | 7.13 | 123997 | 159712 | 122812 | 406521 |  |
 Nueva Zelanda | 7.12 | 34503 | 44155 | 35334 | 113992 |  |
 Senegal | 7.11 | 847 | 2456 | 162 | 3465 |  |
 Timor Oriental | 7.11 | 1783 | 7008 | 47 | 8838 |  |
 India | 7.09 | 117992 | 254792 | 54428 | 427211 |  |
 Chipre | 7.06 | 388 | 1026 | 18 | 1432 |  |
 Noruega | 6.98 | 39343 | 67383 | 16627 | 123352 |  |
 San Vicente y las Granadinas | 6.95 | 91 | 221 | 0 | 312 |  |
 Mozambique | 6.93 | 150665 | 189362 | 115379 | 455406 |  |
 México | 6.82 | 193908 | 280445 | 121842 | 596195 |  |
 Albania | 6.77 | 2426 | 5256 | 122 | 7805 |  |
 Uzbekistán | 6.77 | 214 | 227 | 199 | 640 |  |
 Marruecos | 6.74 | 2260 | 4076 | 451 | 6787 |  |
 Estados Unidos | 6.65 | 1328079 | 1144693 | 658645 | 3131417 |  |
 Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 6.64 | 31 | 140 | 0 | 171 |  |
 Trinidad y Tobago | 6.62 | 1478 | 2176 | 418 | 4072 |  |
 Grecia | 6.6 | 14548 | 27833 | 1078 | 43459 |  |
 Indonesia | 6.6 | 535370 | 509018 | 431973 | 1476361 |  |
 Azerbaiyán | 6.55 | 4820 | 7189 | 1534 | 13543 |  |
 Montenegro | 6.41 | 2949 | 4778 | 82 | 7809 |  |
 Paraguay | 6.39 | 78538 | 102626 | 29877 | 211041 |  |
 Turquía | 6.39 | 43043 | 68243 | 3516 | 114801 |  |
 República de China | 6.38 | 8786 | 14547 | 1453 | 24786 |  |
 Cabo Verde | 6.37 | 27 | 38 | 0 | 65 |  |
 Panamá | 6.37 | 25420 | 21310 | 14605 | 61336 |  |
 Camboya | 6.31 | 30143 | 31939 | 16349 | 78431 |  |
 Turkmenistán | 6.31 | 5 | 33 | 0 | 37 |  |
 Zimbabue | 6.31 | 9450 | 14417 | 1644 | 25511 |  |
 Nigeria | 6.2 | 64621 | 65355 | 24307 | 154283 |  |
 Chad | 6.18 | 5261 | 6016 | 1910 | 13187 |  |
 Santa Lucía | 6.17 | 235 | 316 | 0 | 551 |  |
 Belice | 6.15 | 7004 | 7957 | 2744 | 17705 |  |
 Bulgaria | 6.09 | 18884 | 26325 | 847 | 46057 |  |
 Corea del Sur | 6.02 | 25060 | 32009 | 888 | 57956 |  |
 Tailandia | 6 | 86276 | 89326 | 33612 | 209214 |  |
 Bosnia y Herzegovina | 5.99 | 13387 | 17031 | 574 | 30993 |  |
 Rumania | 5.95 | 38395 | 48394 | 607 | 87395 |  |
 Filipinas | 5.91 | 91820 | 100831 | 8393 | 201044 |  |
.svg){kind=small} Togo | 5.88 | 5064 | 4522 | 1076 | 10662 |  |
 Benín | 5.86 | 4724 | 3698 | 1769 | 10191 |  |
 Sri Lanka | 5.83 | 20541 | 22390 | 1613 | 44544 |  |
 Japón | 5.8 | 135783 | 133480 | 16005 | 285268 |  |
 Malaui | 5.74 | 12514 | 12167 | 2396 | 27078 |  |
 Guinea-Bisáu | 5.7 | 9274 | 8702 | 855 | 18831 |  |
 Laos | 5.59 | 92986 | 80564 | 19252 | 192801 |  |
 Armenia | 5.46 | 1894 | 1681 | 3 | 3577 |  |
 Mauricio | 5.46 | 567 | 478 | 0 | 1045 |  |
 Bangladés | 5.45 | 10013 | 7251 | 1947 | 19211 |  |
 Cuba | 5.4 | 22605 | 18460 | 1632 | 42697 |  |
 Suecia | 5.35 | 174415 | 109779 | 23494 | 307687 |  |
 Vietnam | 5.35 | 82551 | 75353 | 9588 | 167492 |  |
 Serbia | 5.29 | 17513 | 14112 | 516 | 32141 |  |
 Argelia | 5.22 | 7418 | 6044 | 81 | 13543 |  |
 Kosovo | 5.19 | 2628 | 1775 | 47 | 4450 |  |
 Túnez | 5.14 | 1354 | 987 | 0 | 2340 |  |
 Finlandia | 5.08 | 144310 | 83572 | 9294 | 237176 |  |
 Jamaica | 5.01 | 5362 | 3249 | 158 | 8770 |  |
 Malasia | 5.01 | 130825 | 91957 | 21499 | 244281 |  |
 Sudáfrica | 4.94 | 45489 | 34968 | 3196 | 83653 |  |
 Croacia | 4.92 | 15732 | 10522 | 379 | 26633 |  |
 Guinea | 4.9 | 81702 | 54877 | 2895 | 139475 |  |
 Libia | 4.85 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 17 |  |
 Liberia | 4.79 | 51975 | 31162 | 11025 | 94163 |  |
 Antigua y Barbuda | 4.72 | 114 | 92 | 0 | 206 |  |
 Costa Rica | 4.65 | 27164 | 12838 | 4164 | 44167 |  |
 Madagascar | 4.63 | 120340 | 66584 | 11922 | 198846 |  |
 Gambia | 4.56 | 181 | 85 | 0 | 266 |  |
 San Cristóbal y Nieves | 4.55 | 95 | 50 | 0 | 145 |  |
 Ghana | 4.53 | 57519 | 28901 | 2160 | 88580 |  |
 Francia | 4.52 | 161987 | 49496 | 74121 | 285604 |  |
 Burundi | 4.5 | 6882 | 3841 | 46 | 10769 |  |
 Liechtenstein | 4.5 | 59 | 42 | 0 | 101 |  |
 Honduras | 4.48 | 57899 | 23802 | 3692 | 85392 |  |
 Andorra | 4.45 | 170 | 49 | 0 | 219 |  |
 Uganda | 4.36 | 77303 | 36381 | 7507 | 121190 |  |
 Eslovaquia | 4.34 | 17615 | 8165 | 0 | 25781 |  |
 España | 4.23 | 82770 | 46013 | 133 | 128916 |  |
 Granada | 4.22 | 221 | 86 | 0 | 308 |  |
 Suazilandia | 4.21 | 5054 | 2501 | 14 | 7569 |  |
 Kenia | 4.2 | 28427 | 13558 | 4702 | 46686 |  |
 República Dominicana | 4.19 | 19890 | 9364 | 518 | 29772 |  |
 Israel | 4.14 | 170 | 85 | 0 | 255 |  |
 El Salvador | 4.05 | 8837 | 2947 | 0 | 11784 |  |
 Haití | 4.01 | 7116 | 2831 | 12 | 9959 |  |
 Guatemala | 3.85 | 58572 | 18764 | 5592 | 82928 |  |
 Ruanda | 3.85 | 5665 | 2170 | 619 | 8454 |  |
 Eslovenia | 3.78 | 11065 | 3791 | 0 | 14856 |  |
 Líbano | 3.76 | 541 | 115 | 0 | 656 |  |
 Italia | 3.65 | 79403 | 26858 | 25 | 106286 |  |
 Costa de Marfil | 3.64 | 158010 | 41005 | 7288 | 206303 |  |
 Siria | 3.64 | 841 | 282 | 0 | 1123 |  |
 Bielorrusia | 3.63 | 77870 | 20847 | 91 | 98808 |  |
 Nicaragua | 3.63 | 65356 | 17646 | 4858 | 87860 |  |
 Uruguay | 3.61 | 11793 | 3998 | 0 | 15791 |  |
 Irak | 3.59 | 104 | 9 | 0 | 113 |  |
 Austria | 3.55 | 36666 | 12422 | 21 | 49109 |  |
 Suiza | 3.53 | 13636 | 4412 | 10 | 18058 |  |
 Ucrania | 3.3 | 89540 | 20183 | 176 | 109900 |  |
 Estonia | 3.05 | 24473 | 4832 | 52 | 29358 |  |
 Jordania | 2.79 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |  |
 Sierra Leona | 2.76 | 52512 | 11858 | 640 | 65010 |  |
 Alemania | 2.28 | 122168 | 11307 | 0 | 133475 |  |
 Hungría | 2.25 | 18729 | 2047 | 0 | 20776 |  |
 Polonia | 2.24 | 101886 | 7103 | 0 | 108989 |  |
 Moldavia | 2.2 | 3113 | 202 | 0 | 3315 |  |
 Letonia | 2.09 | 38164 | 2137 | 0 | 40301 |  |
 República Checa | 1.71 | 32161 | 1611 | 0 | 33772 |  |
 Reino Unido | 1.65 | 29149 | 2917 | 35 | 32101 |  |
 Lituania | 1.62 | 24554 | 930 | 0 | 25484 |  |
 Bélgica | 1.36 | 8803 | 297 | 0 | 9099 |  |
 Luxemburgo | 1.12 | 1170 | 0 | 0 | 1170 |  |
 Singapur | 1.11 | 170 | 2 | 0 | 172 |  |
 Dominica | 1.06 | 531 | 2 | 0 | 533 |  |
 Irlanda | 0.92 | 5283 | 96 | 0 | 5378 |  |
 Portugal | 0.82 | 25966 | 553 | 0 | 26519 |  |
 Países Bajos | 0.6 | 5250 | 72 | 0 | 5322 |  |
 Egipto | 0.56 | 4772 | 218 | 69 | 5059 |  |
 Dinamarca | 0.5 | 5756 | 31 | 0 | 5787 |  |
 San Marino | 0.01 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 |  |
Contexto
El índice fue elaborado por un equipo global de expertos en conservación forestal, que incluye:
| Institution | Author(s) |
|---|---|
| Wildlife Conservation Society, El Bronx | H.S. Grantham; A. Duncan; T. D. Evans; K. R. Jones; J. Walston; J. G. Robinson; M. Callow; T. Clements; H. M. Costa; A. DeGemmis; P. R. Elsen; P. Franco; S. Jupiter; A. Kang; S. Lieberman; M. Linkie; M. Mendez; C. Samper; J. Silverman; T. Stevens; E. Stokes; T. Tear; R. Tizard; S. Wang; J. E. M. Watson |
| Universidad de Queensland, Brisbane | H. L. Beyer; S. Maxwell; H. Possingham; J. E. M. Watson |
| Universidad de Carleton, Ottawa | R. Schuster |
| Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Toronto | J. C. Ray |
| Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, Manhattan | J. Ervin |
| Instituto de Recursos Mundiales, Washington D. C. | E. Goldman; R. Taylor |
| Universidad del Norte de Arizona, Flagstaff | S. Goetz; P. Jantz |
| Universidad Estatal de Montana, Bozeman | A. Hansen |
| Rainforest Foundation Norway, Oslo | E. Hofsvang |
| Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX | P. Langhammer; R. Mittermeier |
| Universidad Estatal de Arizona, Tempe | P. Langhammer |
| Universidad James Cook, Cairns | W. F. Laurance; N. J. Murray |
| Universidad de Oxford, Oxford | Y. Malhi |
| The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA | H. Possingham |
| Laboratorio de Propulsión a Reacción, Pasadena, CA | S. Saatchi |
| Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza, Berlín | A. Shapiro |
| International Institute of Sustainability, Río de Janeiro | B. Strassburg |
| Universidad del Norte de Columbia Británica, Prince George, BC | O. Venter |
| Instituto Internacional de Análisis de Sistemas Aplicados, Laxenburg, Austria | P. Visconti |
