Diederik Stapel

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Naissance 19 octobre 1966
Oegstgeest

Nationalité Néerlandaise

Formation Université d'Amsterdam et Het Rijnlands Lyceum Oegstgeest (en)

Profession Psychologue et professeur d'université (d)

Diederik Stapel

Biographie
Naissance	19 octobre 1966 Oegstgeest
Nationalité	Néerlandaise

Thématique
Formation	Université d'Amsterdam et Het Rijnlands Lyceum Oegstgeest (en)
Profession	Psychologue et professeur d'université (d)
Employeur	Université de Groningue et Université de Tilbourg
Distinctions	Les dix scientifiques de l'année

Diederik Alexander Stapel, né le 19 octobre 1966 à Oegstgeest, est un ancien professeur néerlandais de psychologie sociale. Son implication dans la falsification de résultats de recherche est rendue publique en septembre 2011.

Pendant plus de 10 ans, Diederik Stapel a inventé les réponses aux questionnaires qu'il était censé faire remplir par des participants à ses enquêtes. Les conclusions de ses études, basées sur des résultats créés de toutes pièces, avaient été publiées dans des revues scientifiques dont certaines très renommées^[1].

À la suite de la découverte de sa fraude, 58 de ses publications ont été rétractées.

Le jour de la sortie du rapport qui statue sur sa fraude en novembre 2012, il publie un livre autobiographique, Ontsporing, racontant notamment comment il en est arrivé à mentir sur sa recherche. Le livre est intitulé Derailment ou Faking Science: A True Story of Academic Fraud en anglais^[2], et n'est pas traduit en français. Le dernier chapitre de ce livre contient des phrases plagiées aux auteurs Raymond Carver et James Joyce^[3]^,^[4].

Liste des publications rétractées

Les publications ci-dessous ont été rétractées pour fraude^[5]. Leurs conclusions ne sont donc aucunement prouvées.


Titre de la publication	Année de parution	Journal	DOI et lien de la notice de rétraction
Interpretation versus Reference Framing: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in the Organizational Domain	1998	Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes	10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.11.002
Correction or comparison? The effects of prime awareness on social judgments	2009	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.2173
The impact of comprehension versus self-enhancement goals on group perception	2008	Social Psychology	10.1027/1864-9335/a000152
Measure by measure: When implicit and explicit social comparison effects differ	2010	Self and Identity	10.1080/15298868.2013.790597
Unfinished business: How completeness affects the impact of emotional states and emotion concepts on social judgement	2006	Journal of Experimental Social Psychology	10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.006
Hardly thinking about close and distant others: On cognitive business and target closeness in social comparison effects	2005	Journal of Experimental Social Psychology	10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.005
The flexible unconscious: Investigating the judgmental impact of varieties of unaware perception	2005	Journal of Experimental Social Psychology	10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.004
Distinctiveness is Key: How Different Types of Self-Other Similarity Moderate Social Comparison Effects	2007	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212474240
Terror Management and Stereotyping: Why Do People Stereotype When Mortality Is Salient?	2008	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212474240
When we wonder what it all means: Interpretation goals facilitate accessibility and stereotyping effects	2001	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212474240
The effects of diffuse and distinct affect	2002	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031698
Me tomorrow, the others later: How perspective fit increases sustainable behavior	2010	Journal of Environmental Psychology	10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.004
Similarities and Differences between the Impact of Traits and Expectancies: What Matters Is Whether the Target Stimulus Is Ambiguous or Mixed	2002	Journal of Experimental Social Psychology	10.1016/j.jesp.2012.12.001
Information to go: Fluency enhances the usability of primed information	2009	Journal of Experimental Social Psychology	10.1016/j.jesp.2012.11.014
Distinguishing stereotype threat from priming effects: on the role of the social self and threat-based concerns	2006	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031270
From seeing to being: subliminal social comparisons affect implicit and explicit self-evaluations	2004	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031410
Method matters: effects of explicit versus implicit social comparisons on activation, behavior, and self-views	2004	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031425
The magic spell of language: linguistic categories and their perceptual consequences	2007	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031271
The self salience model of other-to-self effects: integrating principles of self-enhancement, complementarity, and imitation	2006	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031426
Unconscious and spontaneous and...complex: the three selves model of social comparison assimilation and contrast	2008	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0031266
The Norm-Activating Power of Celebrity: The Dynamics of Success and Influence	2011	Social Psychology Quarterly	10.1177/0190272512471170
The downside of feeling better: Self-regard repair harms performance	2008	Self and Identity	10.1080/15298868.2012.742330
Status concerns and financial debts in adolescents	2010	Social Influence	10.1080/15534510.2012.738953
It's all in the timing: Measuring emotional reactions to stereotype threat before and after taking a test	2006	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1919
Making sense of war: using the interpretation comparison model to understand the Iraq conflict	2006	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1920
Staff, miter, book, share: how attributes of Saint Nicholas induce normative behavior	2008	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1913
Affects of the unexpected: when inconsistency feels good (or bad)	2010	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212462821
Event Accessibility and Context Effects in Causal Inference: Judgment of a Different Order	1996	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212462821
Silence and Table Manners: When Environments Activate Norms	2008	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212462821
The influence of mood on attribution	2010	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212462821
Why people stereotype affects how they stereotype: the differential influence of comprehension goals and self-enhancement goals on stereotyping	2009	Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin	10.1177/0146167212462821
Stop Making Sense: The Ultimate Fear	2009	Psychological Inquiry	10.1080/1047840X.2012.722053
Behavioural effects of automatic interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison	2006	British Journal of Social Psychology	10.1348/014466605X79589
How to heat up from the cold: examining the preconditions for (unconscious) mood effects	2008	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029740
Mood and context-dependence: Positive mood increases and negative mood decreases the effects of context on perception	2010	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029743
Moods as spotlights: the influence of mood on accessibility effects	2008	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029742
No pain, no gain: the conditions under which upward comparisons lead to better performance	2007	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029731
On models and vases: body dissatisfaction and proneness to social comparison effects	2007	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029732
The referents of trait inferences: The impact of trait concepts versus actor–trait links on subsequent judgments	1996	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029744
What drives self-affirmation effects? On the importance of differentiating value affirmation and attribute affirmation	2011	Journal of Personality and Social Psychology	10.1037/a0029745
Beauty as a tool: The effect of model attractiveness, product relevance, and elaboration likelihood on advertising effectiveness	2010	Psychology & Marketing	10.1002/mar.20565
When different is better: Performance following upward comparison	2006	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1903
The unconscious unfolding of emotions	2009	European Review of Social Psychology	10.1080/10463283.2012.705989
Emotion elicitor or emotion messenger? Subliminal priming reveals two faces of facial expressions	2008	Psychological Science	10.1177/0956797612453137
Judging the unexpected: Disconfirmation of situation-specific expectancies	2009	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1898
Racist biases in legal decisions are reduced by a justice focus	2010	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1897
The secret life of emotions	2008	Psychological Science	10.1177/0956797612453137
When nothing compares to me: How defensive motivations and similarity shape social comparison effects	2006	European Journal of Social Psychology	10.1002/ejsp.1899
The Self-Activation Effect of Advertisements: Ads Can Affect Whether and How Consumers Think about the Self	2010	Journal of Consumer Research	10.1086/667237
It depends on how you look at it: being versus becoming mindsets determine responses to social comparisons	2010	British Journal of Social Psychology	10.1111/j.2044-8309.2012.02111.x
The Effects of Different Types of Self–Activation on Social Comparison Orientation	2006	Social Cognition	10.1521/soco.2006.24.6.703
The Mental Roots of System Justification: System Threat, Need for Structure, and Stereotyping	2011	Social Cognition	10.1521/soco.2012.30.3.363
When failure feels better than success: Self-salience, self-consistency, and affect	2011	British Journal of Social Psychology	10.1111/j.2044-8309.2012.02108.x
Stereotype Disconfirmation Affect: When Sweet Hooligans Make You Happy and Honest Salesmen Make You Sad	2011	Basic and Applied Social Psychology	10.1080/01973533.2012.682012
What's in a Name? 361.708 Euros: The Effects of Marital Name Change	2010	Basic and Applied Social Psychology	10.1080/01973533.2012.682012
Happiness as alchemy: Positive mood leads to self-serving responses to social comparisons	2011	Motivation and Emotion	10.1007/s11031-011-9266-1
Coping with Chaos: How Disordered Contexts Promote Stereotyping and Discrimination	2011	Science	10.1126/science.334.6060.1202-a
From (Unconscious) Perception to Emotion: A Global-to-Specific Unfolding View of Emotional Responding	2010	Emotion Regulation and Well-Being	10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8_20

Liste des publications rétractées

Notes et références

Liens externes

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10.1111/j.2044-8309.2012.02111.x

10.1111/j.2044-8309.2012.02108.x

Le scandale Stapel, ou comment un homme seul a dupé le système scientifique