↑D'Ancona, Jacob(2003).The City Of Light.New York:Citadel.pp.23–24.ISBN0-8065-2463-4."But the wearing of a badge or outward sign — whose effect, intended or otherwise, successful or not, was to shame and to make vulnerable as well as to distinguish the wearer…"
↑Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1 By Richard S. Levy P:779