Viggo Brun(1919).“La série 1/5+1/7+1/11+1/13+1/17+1/19+1/29+1/31+1/41+1/43+1/59+1/61+..., où les dénominateurs sont nombres premiers jumeaux est convergente ou finie”.Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques43: 100–104, 124–128.
Schnirelmann, L.G. (1930). "On the additive properties of numbers", first published in Proceedings of the Don Polytechnic Institute in Novocherkassk(ロシア語), vol XIV (1930), pp. 3–27, and reprinted in Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk(ロシア語), 1939, no. 6, 9–25.
George Greaves(2001).Sieves in number theory.Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3. Folge).43.Springer-Verlag.pp.71–101.ISBN3-540-41647-1
Christopher Hooley(1976).Applications of sieve methods to the theory of numbers.Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-20915-3.