This image is an illustration of the notion of a Porphyrian Tree as it comes down to us today through the European philosophical and logical tradition.
Porphyry, Isagoge (Porphyry's Introduction to Aristotle's 'Categories'.)
Porphyry's Introduction, translation and commentary by Jonathan Barnes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
Studies
Asztalos, Monika. (1993). "Boethius as a Transmitter of Greek Logic to the Latin West: The Categories". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 95 (1993), pp.367–407.
Blum, Paul Richard. (1999). Dio e gli individui: L' Arbor Porphyriana nei secoli XVII e XVIII. Rivista di filosofia neo-scolastica 91: 18-49.
Franklin, James. (1986). "Aristotle on Species Variation". Philosophy, 61:236 (April 1986), pp.245–252.
Kretzmann, Norman. (1966). William of Sherwood's Introduction to Logic (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1966).
Martin, John N. (2001). "Proclus and the Neoplatonic Syllogistic". Journal of Philosophical Logic, 30:3 (June 2001), pp.187–240.
Peter of Spain. (1947). Summulae Logicales, I. M. Bocheński (ed.) (Turin: Marietti, 1947).