c. 150 million years ago (Jurassic)
Volcanic rocks of the Bahía Laura Group formed as part of the larger Deseado Massif. These rocks (including ignimbrite) later became the canyon walls in which Cueva de las Manos developed.
Late Pleistocene–early Holocene
A canyon microclimate between about 400–500 m above sea level supported a grassland ecosystem with useful plants (including Schinus molle, tubers, and fruits) and abundant animals. These conditions helped make the Pinturas Canyon hospitable to early hunter-gatherers.