1826 in science
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The year 1826 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- Mary Somerville presents a paper on "The Magnetic Properties of the Violet Rays of the Solar Spectrum" to the Royal Society in London.
Chemistry
- Otto Unverdorben first isolates aniline, by destructive distillation of indigo;[1] he calls it Crystallin.
- Antoine Jerome Balard isolates bromine.
- Pierre Jean Robiquet isolates the dye alizarin.[2]
- Michael Faraday determines the chemical formula of naphthalene.
Exploration
- May 22 â HMS Beagle departs on her first voyage from Plymouth for a hydrographic survey of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego regions of South America.
- Hyacinthe de Bougainville completes a three-year global circumnavigation.
Mathematics
- Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik is founded by August Leopold Crelle in Berlin.
- February 23 â Nikolai Lobachevsky first presents his system of non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry.
Physiology and medicine
- Johannes Peter Müller publishes his first important works, Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtsinns ("On the comparative physiology of sight", Leipzig) and Ãber die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen ("On visual hallucination", Coblenz), making a first statement of the law of specific nerve energies.
Technology
- January 30 â The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.[3]
- April 1 â American inventor Samuel Morey patents a compressionless internal combustion engine in the United States.[4][5][6]
- June â Nicéphore Niépce produces the first photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras.[7]
- Benoit Fourneyron develops an efficient outward-flow water turbine.
- James Sharp of Northampton in England patents a practical form of gas stove.
Zoology
- Karl Ernst von Baer discovers the mammalian ovum.[8][9][10]
- The Austrian zoologist Johann Nepomuk Meyer first describes the Asiatic lion under the name Felis leo persicus.[11]
- The Zoological Society of London is founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.
Awards
Births
- January 15 â Marie Pasteur (died 1910), French chemist.
- May 26 â Richard Carrington (died 1875), English astronomer.
- June 26 â Morgan Crofton (died 1915), Irish mathematician.
- July 7 â John Fowler (died 1864), English agricultural engineer.
- July 13 â Stanislao Cannizzaro (died 1910), Italian chemist.
- August 21 â Carl Gegenbaur (died 1903), German anatomist.[13]
- September 17 â Bernhard Riemann (died 1866), German mathematician.
- October 8 â Emily Blackwell (died 1910), American physician.
- Alphonse de Polignac (died 1863), French mathematician.
Deaths
- January 3 â Marie Le Masson Le Golft (born 1750), French naturalist.
- January 6 â John Farey (born 1766), English geologist.
- March 28 - Jean-Baptiste Dumangin (born 1744), French physician.[14]
- June 7 â Joseph von Fraunhofer (born 1787), German physicist.
- June 30 - Clément Joseph Tissot (born 1747), French physician and physiotherapist.[15]
- July 4 â Thomas Jefferson (born 1743), Founding Father and 3rd President of the United States and inventor.
- July 22 â Giuseppe Piazzi (born 1746), Italian astronomer.
- August 13 - René Laennec (born 1781), French physician and musician.[16]
- September 6 - Andrea Vaccà Berlinghieri (born 1772), Italian surgeon.[17]
- October 25 â Philippe Pinel (born 1745), French psychiatrist.
- November 23 â Johann Elert Bode (born 1747), German astronomer.
- November 24 - Clarke Abel (born 1780), British surgeon and naturalist.[18]