1844 in Australia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following lists events that happened during 1844 in Australia.
Incumbents
Events
- 1 January â Australia's first ringing peal rang from the bells of St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney
- February â public ferry service commences between Balmain East ferry wharf and the Australian Gas Light Company wharf at Millers Point, Sydney.
- 6 April â John Gavin is the first European settler to be legally executed in Western Australia. Gavin, a fifteen-year-old apprentice, was found guilty of the murder of his employer's son, George Pollard.[1]
- 12 September â The Royal Society of Tasmania was formed. It was the first branch of the Society established outside Britain.
- 29 September â Norfolk Island was transferred from the Colony of New South Wales to the Colony of Van Diemen's Land
- Undated â Port Augusta War[2]
- Undated â An unknown number of Indigenous Australians are murdered by Angus McMillan's men at Maffra as part of a series of mass murders of Gunai Kurnai people known as the Gippsland massacres.
- Undated â Aboriginal Orphans Act 1844, is enacted in South Australia, whereby the Protectors of Aborigines was made legal guardian of "every half-caste and other unprotected Aboriginal child whose parents are dead or unknown".[3]
- Undated â Aborigines' Evidence Act 1844 permitting Indigenous South Australians to give unsworn evidence in Court.
- Undated â Aboriginal Girls Protection Act 1844, is enacted in Western Australia to prevent Aboriginal girls from leaving or running away from school or their employed service.[4]
- Undated â Wellington Convict and Mission Site, convict agricultural station and Aboriginal mission closed.
- Undated â The permanent first crossing of the Yarra River opens at the site of the now Princes Bridge in Melbourne.
Exploration and settlement
- August â Charles Sturt explores the Stony Desert, fails to establish existence of an inland sea.[5]
- 1 October â Ludwig Leichhardt leads expedition starting from Jimbour on the Darling Downs to Port Essington, Northern Territory, arriving in December 1845.[5]
Science and technology
- Penfolds winery is established in Adelaide by Christopher Rawson Penfold & Mary Penfold.
- The Wheal Watkins lead and silver mine commences operations in Glen Osmond, South Australia.
Arts and literature
- A Vocabulary of the Parnkalla [Barngarla] Language, Spoken by the Natives Inhabiting the Western Shores of Spencer's Gulf, is compiled by Clamor Wilhelm Schürmann, a Lutheran missionary in South Australia.
- Letters on the Culture of the Vine, Fermentation, and the Management of the Cellar is published by botanist and vigneron, Sir William Macarthur.
- The Shipping Gazette and Sydney General Trade List is first published by Charles Kemp and John Fairfax.
- Hawkesbury Courier newspaper commenced publication in Windsor, New South Wales by Geoffrey Amos Eagar.
- A painting of the Cascades Female Factory in Van Diemen's Land is completed by painter, John Skinner Prout.
- Louisa Anne Meredith publishes her book, Notes and Sketches of New South Wales, an account of her first 11 years in Australia.
Births
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- 3 January â Michael Rush, champion rower (born Ireland) (d. 1922)
- 24 January â Alexander Paterson, Queensland politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1908)
- 31 January â James McColl, Victorian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1929)
- 7 February â Joseph Brown, Victorian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1925)
- 8 February â John McGarvie Smith, metallurgist, bacteriologist and benefactor (d. 1918)
- 26 February â Thomas Glassey, 1st Queensland Opposition Leader (born in Ireland) (d. 1936)
- 16 March â Thomas Blackburn, priest and entomologist (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1912)
- 28 March â Emma Howson, opera singer and actress (d. 1928)
- 17 March â Sir Henry Briggs, Western Australian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1919)
- 6 April
- Francis Bertie Boyce, clergyman and social reformer (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1931)
- Sir William Lyne, 13th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1913)
- 9 May â Thomas Macdonald-Paterson, Queensland politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1906)
- 11 May â Watkin Wynne, journalist, councillor and newspaper owner (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1921)
- 16 May â Sir John Madden, 4th Chief Justice of Victoria (born in Ireland) (d. 1918)
- 28 June â John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish poet, journalist and escapee convict (born in Ireland) (d. 1890)
- 21 August â Carl Feilberg, journalist, newspaper editor and human rights activist (born in Denmark) (d. 1887)
- 26 August â J. C. Williamson, actor (born in the United States) (d. 1913)
- 27 August â Rosina Palmer (née Carandini), opera singer (d.1932)
- 30 August â William Tietkens, explorer and naturalist (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1933)
- 2 September â James Macfarlane, Tasmanian politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1914)
- 10 September â Abel Hoadley, businessman and confectioner (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1918)
- 26 September â Charles Strong, preacher and minister (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1942)
- 29 September â Edward Pulsford, New South Wales politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1919)
- 14 October â Sir John See, 14th Premier of New South Wales (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1907)
- 15 October â John Gavan Duffy, Victorian politician (born in Ireland) (d. 1917)
- 21 October â Joseph William Sutton, engineer, shipbuilder, inventor (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1914)
- 22 October â Margaret Forrest, botanical collector (born France') (d. 1929)
- 13 November â Andrew Harper, biblical scholar and teacher (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1936)
- 21 November â Ada Cambridge, writer and poet (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1926)
- 14 December â Maggie Oliver, actor and comedian (d. 1892)
- 5 December â Sir Charles Mackellar, New South Wales politician and surgeon (d. 1926)
- Unknown â William Sawers, New South Wales politician (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1916)
- Unknown â William McMinn, surveyor and architect, (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1884)
- Unknown â Mary Jane Cain, community leader and Gomeroi woman (d. 1929)
- Unknown â Alfred James Daplyn, painter (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1926)
- Unknown â Amy Jane Best, schoolmistress (d. 1932)
Deaths
- 13 February â John Knatchbull, murderer, is publicly executed in Sydney (born in the United Kingdom) (b.1789)
- 30 April â George Jones, bushranger is publicly executed in Tasmania (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1815)
- 19 May â Conrad Theodore Knowles, actor and theatre manager (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1810)
- 29 June â Sir John Jamison, New South Wales politician, physician and pastoralist (born in Ireland) (b. 1776)
- 8 July â John Terry, miller and farmer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1771)
- 14 September â Prosper de Mestre, businessman and merchant (born in France) (b. 1789)
- 27 September â Sir James Dowling, 2nd Chief Justice of New South Wales (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1787)
- 22 October â John Charles Darke, explorer, died after being speared (born in the United Kingdom) (b.1806)
- Undated â Anna Josepha King, settler and First Lady of New South Wales (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1765)