1855 in France
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Events from the year 1855 in France.
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Incumbents
- Monarch â Napoleon III
Events
- 1 March â Compagnie Générale des Omnibus established to secure a monopoly over horse-buses in Paris.
- 16 April â Emperor Napoleon III, with Empress Eugénie, begins a 6-day state visit to Britain.[1]
- 18 April â The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, requested by Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle (opening 15 May), first appears.[2]
- 15 Mayâ15 November â Exposition Universelle (an early World's fair) officially opens in Paris.
- 16 June â Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest formed by amalgamation.[3]
- 16 August â Battle of Chernaya River: Russian troops are defeated by French and Sardinian forces in the Crimean War.
- 18 August â Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, with Prince Albert, begins a 10-day state visit to Paris,[4] the first visit of a reigning British monarch to France since 1413. While there, she visits the Exposition Universelle.[5]
- 7 September â Battle of Malakoff, French victory over Russian forces, part of the siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War.
- 11 September â Siege of Sevastopol (1854â1855) ends in Franco-British victory.
- 17 October â Battle of Kinburn (Crimean War) â Combined French and British forces subdue Russian shore forts. The successful use of French floating batteries makes this the first use of modern ironclad warships in action.[6]
- 17 December â London General Omnibus Company established in Paris as the Compagnie Générale des Omnibus de Londres; in the following year it will absorb a substantial proportion of horse-bus operators in London.
- Undated â Réunion des Organismes d'Assurance Mutuelle (ROAM) association is founded.
Births
- 20 January â Ernest Chausson, composer (died 1899)
- 15 February â Jean-Joseph Carriès, sculptor, ceramist, and miniaturist (died 1894)
- 18 February â Jean Jules Jusserand, author and diplomat (died 1932)
- 16 March â Achille Maffre de Baugé, poet (died 1928)
- 27 April â Caroline Rémy de Guebhard, socialist, journalist and feminist (died 1929)
- 27 September â Paul Ãmile Appell, mathematician (died 1930)
- 5 November â Léon Teisserenc de Bort, meteorologist (died 1913)
- 10 November â Alexandre Darracq, automobile manufacturer (died 1931)
Deaths
- 15 January â Henri Braconnot, chemist and pharmacist (born 1780)
- 26 January â Gérard de Nerval, poet, essayist and translator (born 1808)
- 3 March
- Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, lawyer and Prime Minister (born 1767)
- Antoine-Geneviève-Héraclius-Agénor de Gramont, aristocrat (born 1789)
- 18 April â Jean-Baptiste Isabey, painter (born 1767)
- 26 May â Jean Isidore Harispe, Marshal of France (born 1768)
- 10 June â Jacques-Jean Barre, engraver (born 1793)
- 22 July â Raymond Gayrard, sculptor (born 1807)
- 23 October â François André Michaux, botanist (born 1770)
- 25 November â Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart, entomologist (born 1778)
- 2 December â Frédéric Berat, poet and songwriter (born 1801)
The arts
- 15 Mayâ15 November â The Exposition Universelle includes a retrospective of the paintings of Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. Gustave Courbet, having had several paintings rejected for the Exposition, exhibits in a temporary "Pavillon du Réalisme" adjacent.
- 13 June â Verdi's opera Les vêpres siciliennes (The Sicilian Vespers) is premiered in Paris.[7]
- 5 July â Jacques Offenbach inaugurates performances of operettas as director of his own Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens.
- October â Victor Hugo moves to Hauteville House, Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, accompanied by his mistress, Juliette Drouet.
- Jean-François Millet produces the engraving "Study of a Woman Churning Butter".