1881 in Germany
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Events from the year 1881 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
- Emperor â William I
- Chancellor â Otto von Bismarck
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria â Ludwig II
- King of Prussia â William I
- King of Saxony â Albert
- King of Württemberg â Charles
Grand Duchies
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe â Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt â George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen â Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe â Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line â Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line â Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont â George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
Events
- 31 March â last Anti-Socialist Law is passed by the German Reichstag.
- 16 May â Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway, world's first electric tramway, starts in Berlin.
- 25 September â in Meckesheim physician Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer performs the first modern Caesarean section, the transverse incision technique to minimise bleeding.
- 27 October â German federal election, 1881
Births
- 1 January â Hermann Schmitz, German industrialist (died 1960)
- 4 January â Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (died 1919)[1]
- 17 January â Karl Scharnagl, German politician (died 1963)
- 16 February â Hans Vogel, German politician (died 1945)
- 16 February â Hans Meiser, German Protestant theologian, pastor and first 'Landesbischof' of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria (died 1956)
- 23 March â Hermann Staudinger, German chemist (died 1965)[2]
- 1 April â Wilhelm Sollmann, German journalist and politician (died 1951)
- 3 April â Hans Kniep, German botanist (died 1930)
- 19 April â Ernst Schneppenhorst, German politician (died 1945)
- 2 May â Ernst Legal, German actor (died 1955)
- 18 May â Erwin Madelung, German mathematician (died 1972)
- 30 May â Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (died 1968)
- 31 May â Heinrich Burger, German figure skater (died 1942)
- 9 June â Felix von Luckner, German author, sailor and nobleman (died 1966)
- 24 June â Heinz Tietjen, German conductor (died 1967)
- 24 June â Martin Salomonski, German rabbi (killed 1944)
- 29 June â Gottlob Walz, German diver (died 1943)
- 27 July â Hans Fischer, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 1945)[3]
- 28 July â Günther Quandt, German industrialist (died 1954)
- 8 August â Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (died 1954)
- 26 August â Franz Gürtner, German jurist and politician (died 1941)
- 4 October â Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (died 1948)
- 9 October â Friedrich Syrup, German politician (died 1945)
- 12 November â Ulrich von Hassell, German diplomat (died 1944)
- 12 November â Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (died 1954)
- 2 December â Heinrich Barkhausen, German physicist (died 1956)
- 4 December â Erwin von Witzleben, German officer (died 1944)
- 15 December â Eugen Bolz, German politician (died 1945)[4]
- 25 December â Christian Hülsmeyer, German inventor, physicist and entrepreneur (died 1957)
- 31 December â Max Pechstein, German painter (died 1955)
Deaths
- 7 April â Johann Hinrich Wichern, German religious leader (born 1808)
- 15 May â Franz von Dingelstedt, German poet and dramatist (born 1814)
- 2 June â Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg, German diplomat (born 1815)
- 23 June â Matthias Jakob Schleiden, German botanist (born 1804)
- 10 July â Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (born 1812)
- 11 October â Friedrich Hitzig, German architect (born 1811)[5]