1884 in Germany
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Events in the year 1884 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
- Emperor â William I
- Chancellor â Otto von Bismarck
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria â Ludwig II
- King of Prussia â William I
- King of Saxony â Albert
- King of Württemberg â Charles
Grand Duchies
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe â Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt â George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen â Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe â Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line â Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line â Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont â George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt â Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick â William, Duke of Brunswick to 18 October, then Duchy claimed by Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, who was excluded and a temporary council of regency was established.
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg â Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha â Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen â Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) from 14 July â Gustav Nachtigal (commissioner) to 19 July, then Maximilian Buchner (acting commissioner)
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) from 24 April â Adolf Lüderitz (magistrate) to 7 October, then Gustav Nachtigal (commissioner)
- Togoland from 5 July â Gustav Nachtigal (commissioner) to 6 July October, then Heinrich Randad (provisional consul)
Events
- 24 April â Territory in South West Africa is placed under German protection, becoming the first German colonial possession.
- 9 June â The construction of the Reichstag building in Berlin started.
- 5 July â German protectorate is first declared over part of Togoland.
- 14 July â Commencement of German administration in Cameroon (Kamerun).
- 28 October â German federal election, 1884
- 15 November â The Berlin Conference which regulates European colonisation and trade in Africa begins (ends 26 February 1885).
Date unknown
- German company Glastechnisches Laboratorium Schott & Genossen was founded, later becoming Schott AG
Science
- Germany got the second part of world's oldest national social health insurance system by legislation of Otto von Bismarck's social legislation, which included the Accicential Insurance Bill of 1884.
- Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884.
- Paal-Knorr Synthesis was initially reported independently by German chemists Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr as a method for the preparation of furans
- Robert Koch resided and researched at Grant Medical College in Bombay, India, where he was able to determine the causative agent of cholera, isolating Vibrio cholerae.
Births
- 31 January â Theodor Heuss, German politician, publicist and former Chancellor of Germany (died 1963)[1]
- 12 February â Max Beckmann, German painter and graphic artist (died 1950)
- 26 March â Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist (died 1969)
- 12 April â Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (died 1951)
- 14 May â Claudius Dornier, German aircraft designer (died 1969)
- 5 June â Doris 'Dodo' GroÃe, German artists' model, lover of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (year of death unknown)
- 10 June â Walther Schreiber, German politician (died 1958)
- 14 June â Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (died 1953)
- 14 June â Hans Müller-Schlösser, German playwright (died 1956)
- 23 June â Werner Krauss, German actor (died 1959
- 24 June â Prince Heinrich of Bavaria, member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a highly decorated Army officer in the First World War (died 1916)
- 2 July â Alfons Maria Jakob, German neuropathologist (died 1931)
- 7 July â Lion Feuchtwanger, German novelist and playwright (died 1958)
- 14 July â Prince Adalbert of Prussia, German nobleman (died 1948)
- 17 July â Walter von Keudell, German politician (died 1973)
- 23 July â Emil Jannings, German actor (died 1950)
- 31 July â Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, German politician (died 1944)
- 20 August â Rudolf Bultmann, German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg (died 1976)
- 28 August â Christian Stock, German politician (died 1967)
- 24 September â Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (died 1953)
- 29 September â Wilhelm Bendow, German actor (died 1950)
- 8 October â Walther von Reichenau, German field marshal (died 1942)
- 10 October â Friedrich von Rabenau, German general and theologian (died 1945)
- 11 October â Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1949)
- 21 October â Claire Waldoff, German singer (died 1957)
- 24 October â Arno Bieberstein, German swimmer (died 1918)
- 1 December â Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, German painter (died 1976)
- 2 December â Johannes Popitz, German politician (died 1945)
- 14 December â Erich Ponto, German actor (died 1957)
Deaths
- 17 January â Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist and herpetologist (born 1804)
- 20 January - Julius Pintsch, German tinsmith, inventor and entrepreneur (born 1815
- 25 January â Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (born 1815)
- 28 January â Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues, German astronomer (born 1827)
- 13 March - Siegfried Heinrich Aronhold, German mathematician (born 1819)
- 6 April â Emanuel Geibel, German poet and playwright (born 1815)
- 19 June â Adrian Ludwig Richter, German painter (born 1803)
- 10 July â Karl Richard Lepsius, German archaeologist and linguist (born 1810)
- 1 August â Heinrich Laube, German poet (born 1806)
- 21 August - Ottilie Assing, German feminist, freethinker, and abolitionist (born 1819)
- 2 September â Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld, German field marshal (born 1796)
- 18 October â William, Duke of Brunswick, German nobleman (born 1806)
- 29 October - Albert Dulk, German writer (born 1819)
- 25 November â Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (born 1818)
- 10 December â Eduard Rüppell, German explorer (born 1794)