1914 in France
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Incumbents
- President: Raymond Poincaré
- President of the Council of Ministers:
- until 9 June: Gaston Doumergue
- 9 June-13 June: Alexandre Ribot
- starting 13 June: René Viviani
Events
- 16 March â The wife of minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmette, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage; she is later acquitted by a jury.
- 26 April â French legislative election held.
- 10 May â French legislative election held.
- 31 July â Jean Jaurès assassinated by a French nationalist fanatic
- 3 August â Germany declares war on France.
- 9 August â Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of World War I by the French army against Germany.
- 19 August â Battle of Dornach (1914)
- 26 August â Allies withdraw from Le Cateau to Saint-Quentin, after Battle of Le Cateau.
- 29 August â French Fifth Army attack St. Quentin.
- 30 August â French Fifth Army retreat from St. Quentin.
- 2 September â The village of Moronvilliers is occupied by the Germans.
- 5 September
- London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (France, the United Kingdom or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.
- The First Battle of the Marne begins: 50 km north-east of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces closing on the city. Over 2,000,000 fight (500,000 are killed/wounded) in the Allied victory. A French and British counterattack at the Marne ends the German advance on Paris.
- 6â8 September â French Army troops are rushed from Paris to join the First Battle of the Marne using Renault Type AG taxicabs.
- 13 September â The conclusion of the Battle of Grand Couronné ends the Battle of the Frontiers, with the north-east segment of the Western Front stabilising.
- 25 September â Battle of Albert begins as part of the Race to the Sea.
- 27 September â First Battle of Artois begins.
- 28 September â The First Battle of the Aisne ends indecisively.
- 30 September â British Indian Army Expeditionary Force A arrives at Marseille for service on the Western Front.
- 1 October â Battle of Arras begins.
- 4 October â Lens is lost, as French Tenth Army fails to hold back the Germans.
- 5 October â Aerial combat of 5 October 1914
- 4 November â Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
- 20 December â First Battle of Champagne begins.
- December â Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky, who writes under the nom de plume "Guillaume Apollinaire", enlists in the French Army to fight in World War I and becomes a French citizen[1] after an August attempt at enlistment has been rejected.
Literature
Music
- Gabriel Fauré - Barcarolle No. 11
- Maurice Ravel - à la manière de Borodine / Chabrier
- Erik Satie
- Sports et divertissements
- Peccadilles importunes
- Igor Stravinsky - Le rossignol
Sports
- 28 June â The 12th Tour de France begins.
Births
January to March
- 4 January â Jean-Pierre Vernant, historian and anthropologist (died 2007)
- 9 January â Lucien Bodard, reporter and writer on events in Asia (died 1998)
- 10 January â Pierre Cogan, cyclist (died 2013)
- 3 February â Michel Thomas, linguist, language teacher and decorated war veteran (died 2005)
- 17 February â René Vietto, cyclist (died 1988)
- 19 February â Jacques Dufilho, actor (died 2005)
- 28 February â Ãlie Bayol, motor racing driver (died 1995)
- 21 March â Paul Tortelier, cellist and composer (died 1990)
April to June
- 4 April â Marguerite Duras, writer and film director (died 1996)
- 17 April â Janine Micheau, lyric soprano opera singer (died 1976)
- 25 April â Claude Mauriac, author and journalist (died 1996)
- 26 April â Lilian Rolfe, heroine of World War II (died 1945)
- 27 April â Albert Soboul, historian (died 1982)
- 28 April â Michel Mohrt, editor, essayist, novelist and historian (died 2011)
- 8 May â Romain Gary, novelist, film director, World War II aviator and diplomat (died 1980)
- 14 May â Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont, militant communist, resistance fighter and politician (died 2006)
- 18 May
- Pierre Balmain, fashion designer (died 1982)
- Marcel Bernard, tennis player (died 1994)
- 16 June
- Louis Gabrillargues, soccer player (died 1994)
- Colette Maze, pianist (died 2023)
- 26 June â Antoine Argoud, twice attempted to assassinate Charles de Gaulle (died 2004)
- 30 June â Agnès-Marie Valois, French nun and nurse (died 2018)
July to September
- 5 July â Alain de Boissieu, Army chief-of-staff (died 2006)
- 5 July â Jean Tabaud, artist (died 1996)
- 21 July â Philippe Ariès, medievalist and historian (died 1984)
- 30 July â André Nocquet, aikido teacher (died 1999)
- 31 July â Louis de Funès, actor (died 1983)
- 19 August
- Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, politician and Prime Minister of France (died 1993)
- Raymond Marcellin, politician (died 2004)
- 20 August â Yann Goulet, sculptor, Breton nationalist and war-time collaborationist with Nazi Germany (died 1999)
- 30 August â Jean Bottéro, historian (died 2007)
- 13 September â Henri Curiel, political activist (assassinated 1978)
- 23 September â Maurice Limat, science fiction author (died 2002)
- 24 September â Jean-Michel Guilcher, ethnologist (died 2017)[2]
October to December
- 22 October â André Neher, Jewish scholar and philosopher (died 1988)
- 13 November â Henri Langlois, pioneer of film preservation and restoration (died 1977)
- 21 November â Henri Laborit, physician, writer and philosopher (died 1995)
- 4 December â Claude Renoir, cinematographer (died 1993)
- 5 December â Odette Joyeux, actress and writer (died 2000)
- 18 December â Aimé Teisseire, military officer (died 2008)
Deaths
- 18 January â Georges Picquart, army officer and Minister of War, exposed the truth in the Dreyfus Affair (born 1854)
- 30 January â Paul Déroulède, author and politician (born 1846)
- 13 February â Alphonse Bertillon, police officer and forensic scientist (born 1853)
- 25 March â Frédéric Mistral, poet, shared the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1904 (born 1830)
- 31 July â Jean Jaurès, socialist and pacifist (assassinated) (born 1859)
- 3 August â Louis Couturat, logician, mathematician, philosopher and linguist (born 1868)
- 4 August â Hubertine Auclert, feminist and campaigner for women's suffrage (born 1848)
- 4 August â Jules Lemaître, critic and dramatist (born 1853)
- 3 September â Albéric Magnard, composer (born 1865)
- 5 September â Charles Péguy, poet, essayist and editor (born 1873)[3]
- 6 September â Alfred Mayssonnié, rugby union player (killed in action) (born 1884)
- 16 September â Louis Bach, Association football player (killed in action) (born 1883)
- 23 September â Gaston Lane, rugby union player (killed in action) (born 1883)
- 26 September â Alain-Fournier (Lt Henri-Alban Fournier), novelist (killed in action) (born 1886)
- 2 October â Joé Anduran, rugby union player (killed in action) (born 1882)
- 25 December â Jean Alfred Fournier, dermatologist (born 1832)