1959 in Mexico

• President: Adolfo López Mateos
• Interior Secretary (SEGOB): Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
• Secretary of Foreign Affairs (SRE): Manuel Tello Baurraud
• Communications Secretary (SCT): Walter Cross Buchanan
• Education Secretary (SEP): José Ángel Ceniceros
• Secretary of Defense (SEDENA): Matias Ramos
• Secretary of Navy: Manuel Zermeño Araico
• Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare: Salomón González Blanco

• President of the Supreme Court: Alfonso Guzmán Neyra

Every governor was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI.

• January 1
  • The Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) is formed.^[2]
  • President Adolfo López Mateos informs the nation that three Mexican fishermen were killed and 14 wounded by the Armed Forces of Guatemala on December 31, 1958.^[3]
• January 2 – The Foreign Ministry of Guatemala declares that the three Mexican fishermen killed on December 31, 1958, were "pirates".^[4]
• February 12 – Martín Luis Guzmán is named president of the Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos [es] (Commission of Free Textbooks, CONALITEG) to provide books for elementary schools.^[5][6]
• May 23 – Pope John XXIII creates the dioceses of Tlaxcala^[7] and San Andrés Tuxtla.^[8]
• August 12 – The Mexican Academy of Sciences is founded.
• September 10 – MASA is founded when the state-owned investment bank, SOMEX, acquires the private company, Sheppard Hnos.
• September 15 – Cry of Dolores: President López Mateos announces the reestablishment of diplomatic relations with Guatemala.^[4]
• October 10 – The Autonomous University of Zacatecas is established.
• October 23 to 29 – 1959 Mexico hurricane: An estimated 1,500 people died, principally in Colima.^[9]

Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor – Heriberto Jara Corona

• List of Mexican films of 1959

• April 16 – Gran Apache, wrestler (d. 2017).
• May 24 – José Trinidad Zapata Ortiz, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Papantla (starting 2014).
• August 27 — Daniela Romo, actress, singer, TV host
• September 6 — Fernando Ciangherotti, soap opera actor
• September 30 — Miguel Barbosa Huerta, Governor of Puebla starting 2019 (d. 2022).
• October 5 — Ernesto Laguardia, soap opera actor
• October 7 – Brazo de Oro (wrestler) (d. 2017)
• October 10 — Marcelo Ebrard, politician (PRD) and Mayor of Mexico City 2006-2012; Secretary of Foreign Affairs starting 2018.
• November 16 — Rafael Amador, soccer player (defender) who played for Mexico in the 1986 FIFA World Cup; (d. 2018)
• November 25 — José Antonio Gali Fayad, Governor of Puebla 2017-2018^[10]
• December 17 – Felicia Mercado, actress.
• Date unknown
  • Agustín Bernal, actor (d. 2018).
  • Tedi López Mills, poet.
  • Fernando Maiz Garza, businessman, builder, and philanthropist (d. 2017).^{[citation needed]}
  • Gustavo Nakatani Ávila ("Yoshio"), singer (d. 2020)^[11]

• June 30 — José Vasconcelos, writer, philosopher, and politician (b. 1882)
• July 30 – María Natividad Venegas de la Torre ("María of Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament"), 90, Roman Catholic nun, first female Mexican saint.^[12]
• December 27 — Alfonso Reyes, writer, philosopher, and diplomat (b. 1889)