1976 Major League Baseball lockout

The lockout was initiated by the owners on March 1, 1976. The lockout was not total as Chicago White Sox owner Bill Veeck opened spring training camp to some of his players.^[7] MLB and the MLBPA met for five hours on March 2 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to discuss the reserve clause amongst other issues, but little progress was reportedly made. MLB offered that players must have eight years of service time before being eligible for an option year in their contract, a proposal that union director Marvin Miller deemed "unacceptable." American League president Lee MacPhail rebutted by saying that Miller was "making a mountain out of a molehill."^[8] Early in the lockout, there was alleged indication that the ownership group was backing down. On March 2, the Atlanta Braves opened spring training camp to a handful of non-roster players, and several other teams reportedly told their players to get ready for spring training.^[9]

The two sides met again on March 3 in Miami Beach for two and a half hours. The players argued that they should be able to have an option year after one year of service, colloquially dubbed the "one-one rule." The owners argued that they could not allow the Seitz decision that granted Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally free agency become the norm. The owners made a revised proposal that would allow players to seek free agency after six years of service time, but Marvin Miller said that MLB was not willing to hear out the MLBPA's counter-proposal.^[10]

More owners began to ease their lockout stance; Jim Kaat and Steve Carlton were among 22 Phillies players at spring training camp by March 4.^[11]

MLB and the MLBPA conducted another meeting on March 5 in New York City. The meeting lasted for one hour and was abruptly ended in a reportedly negative fashion. The reserve clause was once again discussed but no notable concessions were made. Marvin Miller conducted an MLBPA press conference March 6 to address the meeting, stating that the dealings were professional but not progressive. He announced that the MLBPA was setting April 25 as a deadline for negotiations to conclude, threatening that they would argue breach of contract otherwise and seek to grant players free agency.^[12] MLB released a statement, claiming that the players were obligated to comply in the creation of a new reserve system. Following the March 5 meeting, no further meetings were scheduled but the two sides stayed in contact through the phone.^[13]

Commissioner of Baseball Bowie Kuhn, who largely separated himself from the dispute between MLB owners and the MLBPA, began to receive calls to alleviate the problem before regular-season games were cancelled. As commissioner, Kuhn held the power to open up the spring training camps and effectively end the lockout.^[14]

By March 9, strife developed between MLBPA director Marvin Miller and several players. Some players began to call for Miller to ease up in negotiations and give more credence to the owners' stances. Cincinnati Reds superstars Johnny Bench and Pete Rose claimed that Miller was not listening to the players. Bench joined Tom Seaver and Joe Torre in a trio advocating for a quick resolution so that play could resume. Montreal Expos pitcher Woodie Fryman said that he did not care which way the negotiations swung, just that he wanted to play.^[15]

MLB and the MLBPA met again on March 9 in New York City to no avail. The meeting reportedly featured "raised voices" and obscenities coupled with no progress towards a deal. Miller alleged that MLB was misleading the players on the status of the negotiations. Despite the hostile nature of the meeting, the sides agreed to meet again in Florida on March 11 and 12.^[16]

On March 10 in Tampa, Florida, MLB met with a contingent of roughly 50 players for two and a half hours to discuss the situation. Johnny Bench, who was among the group of players in the meeting, shared a sense of pessimism, as did MLBPA director Marvin Miller. Bench noted that many players were training on high school and collegiate fields in Florida and paying their own housing fees because they did not have access to team facilities.^[17] The groups reconvened in St. Petersburg, Florida on March 11, meeting for two hours but leaving disappointed. A group of players decided to cancel the voluntary practices they were holding at Eckerd College as they believed practicing during the lockout could only stand to benefit the owners.^[18]

On March 14, Commissioner of Baseball Bowie Kuhn announced that the regular season would occur and that the regular season would commence on the scheduled April 8 opening day. At the time, Kuhn stated that he had would open spring training once he saw considerable progress between MLB and the MLBPA. At a meeting, Marvin Miller made a new proposal that would institute a one-year test trial of the "one-one rule" so that the two camps could witness its cost-effectiveness and make a later decision. The meeting lasted into the night and negotiators were seen walking around the hotel premises and discussing, leading the media to believe an agreement was imminent. Another meeting was set for the morning of March 15.^[19]

On March 16, the ownership group gave their final offer which included an acceptance of the players' much-desired one-one rule. AL President Lee MacPhail said that MLB "bit the bullet" on the rule and added that spring training camps would not be opened until the deal was accepted. MLBPA Director Marvin Miller described the offer as a sudden turnaround from previously hostile negotiations and said that the players would convene to discuss the following day.^[20] On March 17, Commissioner of Baseball Bowie Kuhn ordered that training camps be opened immediately, effectively ending the lockout. At the time, the MLBPA had not accepted or declined the owners' "best and final" offer. Miller stated that the MLBPA did not vote on the owners' proposal because it did not address issues that were important to the players' union.^[21]

• 1976 Major League Baseball season