2004 Mississippi Amendment 1
Referendum banning same-sex marriage
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2004 Mississippi Amendment 1 was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Mississippi to define marriage as between one man and one woman, thereby prohibiting same-sex marriages from being recognized in the state. The amendment passed by referendum on November 2, 2004, with ~86% of voters in favor.
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November 2, 2004
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Mississippi Marriage Definition Amendment | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes
90–100%
80–90%
70–80% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sources:[1][2][3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Out of all similar same-sex marriage ban amendments passed in the United States, Mississippi's amendment received the highest percentage of votes cast in favor of a ban.[4]
Contents and amendment
Contents
The amendment, which was decided by voters on November 2, 2004, alongside the 2004 U.S. presidential election,[5] had the following information shown to voters for it:[5]
Constitutional Amendment
Amendment No. 1
House Concurrent Resolution 56
The proposed constitutional amendment provides that marriage may take place and may be valid under the law of this state only between a man and a woman. The amendment also provides that a marriage in another state or foreign jurisdiction between persons of the same gender may not be recognized in this state and is void and unenforceable under the laws of this state.
[] Yes
[] No
Amendment
The text of the adopted amendment, which is Article XIV, Section 263A of the Mississippi Constitution, states:[6]
Marriage may take place and may be valid under the laws of this State only between a man and a woman. A marriage in another State or foreign jurisdiction between persons of the same gender, regardless of when the marriage took place, may not be recognized in this state and is void and unenforceable under the laws of this State.
Results
86.01% voted in favor, and 13.99% voted against. The highest percentage of votes cast in favor of the amendment came from Itawamba County, with 94.06% in favor, and the lowest level came from Tunica County, with 73.43% in favor.[1]
The following table details the results by county:[1]
| County | Yes | No | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | |
| Adams | 11,351 | 83.29 | 2,278 | 16.71 |
| Alcorn | 9,793 | 93.04 | 733 | 6.96 |
| Amite | 6,305 | 89.71 | 723 | 10.29 |
| Attala | 7,576 | 90.27 | 817 | 9.73 |
| Benton | 3,421 | 85.70 | 571 | 14.30 |
| Bolivar | 7,489 | 86.91 | 1,128 | 13.09 |
| Calhoun | 5,944 | 91.54 | 549 | 8.46 |
| Carroll | 4,792 | 88.17 | 643 | 11.83 |
| Chickasaw | 7,336 | 88.92 | 914 | 11.08 |
| Choctaw | 3,695 | 90.74 | 377 | 9.26 |
| Claiborne | 3,758 | 76.37 | 1,163 | 23.63 |
| Clarke | 7,144 | 91.86 | 633 | 8.14 |
| Clay | 8,727 | 87.47 | 1,250 | 12.53 |
| Coahoma | 4,742 | 85.80 | 785 | 14.20 |
| Copiah | 10,776 | 87.70 | 1,512 | 12.30 |
| Covington | 7,278 | 88.90 | 909 | 11.10 |
| DeSoto | 42,379 | 87.33 | 6,148 | 12.67 |
| Forrest | 21,815 | 82.64 | 4,582 | 17.36 |
| Franklin | 3,849 | 88.58 | 496 | 11.42 |
| George | 7,441 | 91.19 | 719 | 8.81 |
| Greene | 4,921 | 92.85 | 379 | 7.15 |
| Grenada | 8,313 | 88.57 | 1,073 | 11.43 |
| Hancock | 13,058 | 77.60 | 3,770 | 22.40 |
| Harrison | 47,367 | 76.49 | 14,556 | 23.51 |
| Hinds | 71,798 | 78.59 | 19,561 | 21.41 |
| Holmes | 6,521 | 84.31 | 1,214 | 15.69 |
| Humphreys | 3,586 | 81.30 | 825 | 18.70 |
| Issaquena | 685 | 81.16 | 159 | 18.84 |
| Itawamba | 9,122 | 94.06 | 576 | 5.94 |
| Jackson | 39,960 | 80.52 | 9,667 | 19.48 |
| Jasper | 6,969 | 87.37 | 1,007 | 12.63 |
| Jefferson | 2,993 | 79.16 | 788 | 20.84 |
| Jefferson Davis | 5,505 | 87.59 | 780 | 12.41 |
| Jones | 24,540 | 92.00 | 2,133 | 8.00 |
| Kemper | 4,122 | 87.55 | 586 | 12.45 |
| Lafayette | 11,773 | 77.76 | 3,368 | 22.24 |
| Lamar | 18,291 | 89.88 | 2,060 | 10.12 |
| Lauderdale | 25,943 | 88.63 | 3,327 | 11.37 |
| Lawrence | 6,010 | 91.03 | 592 | 8.97 |
| Leake | 7,376 | 89.59 | 857 | 10.41 |
| Lee | 26,923 | 90.17 | 2,934 | 9.83 |
| Leflore | 6,541 | 86.44 | 1,026 | 13.56 |
| Lincoln | 13,386 | 90.97 | 1,328 | 9.03 |
| Lowndes | 20,361 | 87.68 | 2,862 | 12.32 |
| Madison | 32,152 | 84.81 | 5,759 | 15.19 |
| Marion | 10,912 | 92.26 | 916 | 7.74 |
| Marshall | 11,353 | 84.59 | 2,068 | 15.41 |
| Monroe | 14,604 | 91.39 | 1,375 | 8.61 |
| Montgomery | 4,833 | 90.62 | 500 | 9.38 |
| Neshoba | 9,766 | 92.60 | 780 | 7.40 |
| Newton | 7,399 | 90.72 | 757 | 9.28 |
| Noxubee | 4,611 | 84.16 | 868 | 15.84 |
| Oktibbeha | 13,603 | 81.73 | 3,040 | 18.27 |
| Panola | 11,774 | 87.85 | 1,628 | 12.15 |
| Pearl River | 17,015 | 88.62 | 2,186 | 11.38 |
| Perry | 4,729 | 90.65 | 488 | 9.35 |
| Pike | 14,416 | 87.31 | 2,095 | 12.69 |
| Pontotoc | 10,668 | 93.83 | 702 | 6.17 |
| Prentiss | 9,553 | 93.35 | 680 | 6.65 |
| Quitman | 2,798 | 74.97 | 934 | 25.03 |
| Rankin | 47,981 | 88.31 | 6,351 | 11.69 |
| Scott | 8,933 | 86.52 | 1,392 | 13.48 |
| Sharkey | 1,786 | 82.42 | 381 | 17.58 |
| Simpson | 10,101 | 89.27 | 1,214 | 10.73 |
| Smith | 7,150 | 92.62 | 570 | 7.38 |
| Stone | 5,137 | 85.75 | 854 | 14.25 |
| Sunflower | 7,526 | 83.76 | 1,459 | 16.24 |
| Tallahatchie | 5,150 | 85.08 | 903 | 14.92 |
| Tate | 9,879 | 89.02 | 1,219 | 10.98 |
| Tippah | 8,660 | 92.85 | 667 | 7.15 |
| Tishomingo | 7,721 | 91.31 | 735 | 8.69 |
| Tunica | 2,169 | 73.43 | 785 | 26.57 |
| Union | 10,094 | 93.14 | 743 | 6.86 |
| Walthall | 5,924 | 89.26 | 713 | 10.74 |
| Warren | 15,041 | 82.97 | 3,088 | 17.03 |
| Washington | 14,454 | 83.75 | 2,804 | 16.25 |
| Wayne | 8,338 | 90.81 | 844 | 9.19 |
| Webster | 4,713 | 91.14 | 458 | 8.86 |
| Wilkinson | 3,559 | 85.31 | 613 | 14.69 |
| Winston | 8,653 | 89.46 | 1,019 | 10.54 |
| Yalobusha | 5,235 | 87.75 | 731 | 12.25 |
| Yazoo | 7,039 | 87.88 | 971 | 12.12 |
| Total | 957,104 | 86.01 | 155,648 | 13.99 |
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