2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina
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The 2008 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 4, 2008, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of North Carolina. Democratic state senator Kay Hagan defeated Republican one-term incumbent Elizabeth Dole.
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November 4, 2008
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  Hagan: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90% Dole: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||||||
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The November general election was the first time in North Carolina history, and only the eighth time in U.S. history, that the two major-party candidates for a U.S. Senate seat were both women. In addition, Hagan became the first woman to defeat an incumbent woman in a U.S. Senate election.
As of 2026, this is the last time that a Democrat won a U.S. Senate race in North Carolina, and the only time since 1998, as well as the only time Democrats have won this seat since 1966.
Republican primary
Candidates
Nominee
- Elizabeth Dole, incumbent U.S. senator
Eliminated in primary
- Pete DiLauro
Results
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) | 460,665 | 90.0% | |
| Republican | Pete DiLauro | 51,406 | 10.0% | |
| Total votes | 512,071 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic primary
Candidates
Nominee
- Kay Hagan, state senator from the 27th district (1999–2009)
Eliminated in primary
- Duskin Lassiter, trucker
- Jim Neal, businessman
- Howard Staley, doctor
- Marcus Williams, attorney
Declined
- Mike Easley, governor of North Carolina (2001–2009)
- Brad Miller, U.S. representative from North Carolina's 13th congressional district (2003–2013)
- Jim Hunt, former governor of North Carolina (1977–1985, and 1993–2001)
Campaign
Hagan, initially an unknown politician, decided to challenge incumbent Republican Senator Elizabeth Dole.[2]
National Democrats attempted to recruit incumbent Governor Mike Easley to make the race. Easley declined to run, as did Congressman Brad Miller, who expressed interest in early 2007.[3][4] Former Governor Jim Hunt also declined to compete against Dole.[5][6]
Neal earned the endorsement of the Black Political Caucus of Charlotte-Mecklenburg. He also was endorsed by Blue America PAC, eQualityGiving, the Independent Weekly and YES ! Weekly.[7]
Polling
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Kay Hagan |
Jim Neal |
Marcus Williams |
Other |
Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy[8] | April 28–29, 2008 | 400 (LV) | ± 4.9% | 42% | 17% | 5% | 3%[b] | 33% |
Results
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Kay Hagan | 801,920 | 60.1% | |
| Democratic | Jim Neal | 239,623 | 18.0% | |
| Democratic | Marcus W. Williams | 170,970 | 12.8% | |
| Democratic | Duskin Lassiter | 62,136 | 4.6% | |
| Democratic | Howard Staley | 60,403 | 4.5% | |
| Total votes | 1,335,052 | 100.0% | ||
General election
Candidates
- Chris Cole (L), perennial candidate
- Elizabeth Dole (R), incumbent U.S. Senator
- Kay Hagan (D), State Senator
Campaign
Dole was initially a heavy favorite for reelection, especially after several potential top-tier challengers such as Congressman Brad Miller, Governor Mike Easley and former Governor Jim Hunt all declined to compete against Dole.[5][6] Ultimately, Kay Hagan, a state senator from Greensboro, won the Democratic primary election and became Dole's general election opponent. Reports late in the campaign suggested that Dole, once considered a safe bet for reelection, suffered from Barack Obama's decision to aggressively contest North Carolina in the presidential election.[9]
Hagan was initially given little chance against Dole, but Hagan was helped by independent 527 groups lobbying/advertising against incumbent Dole.[6] The Democratic Senate Campaign Committee expended more money in North Carolina than in any other state during the 2008 election season.[6] However, Dole benefited from more out-of-state funding overall than Hagan.[10] The efforts appeared to be effective, as Hagan began to take the lead in several polls beginning in September.
In late October, Dole released a controversial television ad attacking Hagan for reportedly taking donations from individuals involved in the Godless Americans PAC, a group which advocates for the rights of people who do not believe in God. The ad also included a female voice saying, "There is no God."[11][12] The Dole campaign said the ad correctly shows who Hagan will associate with in order to raise campaign funds, and on November 1, Bob Dole also defended it, asserting that "it never questions her faith," and that "the issue is why she was there. There's no question about her faith. I think it's [the ad's] fair game."[13]
Hagan, who is a member of the Presbyterian Church and a former Sunday school teacher,[12] condemned the ad as "fabricated and pathetic," and, according to Hagan's campaign website, a cease-and-desist letter was "hand-delivered to Dole's Raleigh office, faxed to her Salisbury office and sent to her home at the Watergate in Washington, DC."[14] Hagan also filed a lawsuit in Wake County Superior Court accusing Dole of defamation and libel.[15][16]
The ad has met exceptionally strong criticism from the public as well as many local and several national media outlets. CNN's Campbell Brown said about the ad: "[A]mid all the attack ads on the airwaves competing to out-ugly one another, we think we've found a winner."[17] The ad has been described as "ridiculously outrageous,"[18] "indecent,"[19] a "gross misrepresentation,"[20] "worse than dishonest"[21] and "beyond the bounds of acceptable political disagreement,"[21] among other harsh criticism.[22] Another ad issued by the Dole campaign in mid-October 2008 was described by The Fayetteville Observer as "[setting] the low mark in negative political campaigning."[23] The media reported, that within 48 hours of the first ad Hagan received over 3,600 contributions, including major donors as well as individual support from a range of atheists, agnostics and followers of other religious beliefs who felt they were being attacked by Dole.[24] Following the second ad Hagan's lead doubled according to some polls.[24]
Predictions
| Source | Ranking | As of |
|---|---|---|
| The Cook Political Report[25] | Tossup | October 23, 2008 |
| CQ Politics[26] | Lean D (flip) | October 31, 2008 |
| Rothenberg Political Report[27] | Lean D (flip) | November 2, 2008 |
| Real Clear Politics[28] | Tossup | November 2, 2008 |
Polling
Aggregate polls
| Source of poll aggregation |
Dates administered |
Dates updated |
Elizabeth Dole (R) |
Kay Hagan (D) |
Other/Undecided [c] |
Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RealClearPolitics[29] | October 28–November 2, 2008 | November 2, 2008 | 45.0% | 49.3% | 6.7% | Hagan +4.3% |
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Elizabeth Dole (R) |
Kay Hagan (D) |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Policy Polling (D)[30] | October 31 – November 2, 2008 | 2,100 (LV) | ± 2.1% | 44% | 51% | 3%[d] | 1% |
| SurveyUSA[31][A] | October 30 – November 2, 2008 | 682 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 43% | 50% | 5%[e] | 2% |
| Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy[29] | October 29–30, 2008 | 625 (LV) | – | 46% | 45% | – | 9% |
| Research 2000[32][B] | October 28–30, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 45% | 50% | 3% | 2% |
| Rasmussen Reports[33] | October 29, 2008 | 700 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 46% | 52% | – | 2% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[34][C] | October 27–29, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.2% | 43% | 45% | 4%[f] | 7% |
| CNN/TIME/Opinion Research Corporation[35] | October 23–28, 2008 | 667 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 44% | 53% | – | 3% |
| Financial Dynamics[8][D] | October 23–27, 2008 | 402 (RV) | ± 4.9% | 37% | 43% | – | 20% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[36] | October 25–26, 2008 | 1,038 (LV) | ± 2.8% | 45% | 48% | 4%[g] | 3% |
| GfK Roper Public Affairs & Media[37][E] | October 22–26, 2008 | 601 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 43% | 47% | 7%[h] | 1% |
| Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy[38][F] | October 22–24, 2008 | 800 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 46% | 42% | 3%[i] | 9% |
| Marshall Marketing & Communications[39][G] | October 20–21, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 43% | 44% | 5% | 8% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[8][C] | October 18–20, 2008 | 600 (RV) | ± 4.2% | 41% | 44% | 4%[j] | 11% |
| SurveyUSA[40][A] | October 18–20, 2008 | 627 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 45% | 46% | 5%[k] | 3% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[41] | October 18–19, 2008 | 1,200 (LV) | ± 2.8% | 42% | 49% | 4%[l] | 5% |
| Research 2000[42][B] | October 14–15, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 45% | 49% | 3% | 3% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[43] | October 11–12, 2008 | 1,196 (LV) | ± 2.8% | 44% | 46% | 5%[m] | 5% |
| Rasmussen Reports[29] | October 8, 2008 | 700 (LV) | – | 44% | 49% | – | 7% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[8][C] | October 6–8, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 42% | 45% | 2%[n] | 11% |
| WSOC-TV[44] | October 6–7, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 43% | 44% | 4% | 9% |
| SurveyUSA[45][A] | October 5–6, 2008 | 617 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 44% | 43% | 7%[o] | 6% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[46] | September 28–29, 2008 | 1,041 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 38% | 46% | 6%[p] | 10% |
| Rasmussen Reports[29] | September 23, 2008 | 500 (LV) | – | 45% | 48% | – | 7% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[47][48][C] | September 17–20, 2008 | 600 (RV) | ± 4.2% | 43% | 41% | 5%[q] | 11% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[49] | September 17–19, 2008 | 1,060 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 41% | 46% | 6%[r] | 7% |
| Rasmussen Reports[29] | September 18, 2008 | 500 (LV) | – | 45% | 51% | – | 4% |
| Research 2000[50][B] | September 8–10, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 48% | 42% | 4% | 6% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[51] | September 9, 2008 | 626 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 42% | 43% | 6%[s] | 9% |
| SurveyUSA[52][A] | September 6–8, 2008 | 671 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 48% | 40% | 7%[t] | 5% |
| Garin-Hart-Yang Research Group (D)[8][H] | September 5–7, 2008 | 605 (LV) | – | 48% | 46% | – | 6% |
| Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research (D)[53][I] | August 20–26, 2008 | 852 (LV) | ± 3.4% | 45% | 50% | – | 6% |
| InsiderAdvantage/Majority Opinion Research[54][55] | August 19, 2008 | 614 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 40% | 40% | 7% | 14% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[8][C] | August 14–17, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.2% | 44% | 41% | 4%[u] | 11% |
| SurveyUSA[56][A] | August 9–11, 2008 | 655 (LV) | ± 3.9% | 46% | 41% | 7%[v] | 5% |
| Research 2000[57][B] | July 28–30, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 50% | 42% | – | 8% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[58] | July 23–27, 2008 | 823 (LV) | ± 3.4% | 49% | 40% | 4%[w] | 7% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[8][C] | July 14–16, 2008 | 600 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 47% | 38% | 2%[x] | 13% |
| Rasmussen Reports[59] | July 15, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 53% | 41% | 1% | 4% |
| SurveyUSA[60][A] | July 12–14, 2008 | 676 (LV) | ± 3.8% | 54% | 42% | – | 4% |
| Tarrance Group (R)[8][J] | July 7–9, 2008 | 550 (LV) | ± 4.2% | 51% | 36% | 6%[y] | 7% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[61] | June 26–29, 2008 | 1,048 (LV) | ± 3.0% | 51% | 37% | – | 12% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[62][63][C] | June 11–13, 2008 | 600 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 48% | 38% | 1%[z] | 13% |
| Rasmussen Reports[64] | June 10, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 53% | 39% | 2% | 3% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[65] | May 28–29, 2008 | 543 (LV) | ± 4.2% | 47% | 39% | – | 14% |
| Anzalone Liszt Research (D)[8][K] | May 14–21, 2008 | 800 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 48% | 44% | – | 8% |
| SurveyUSA[66][A] | May 17–19, 2008 | 713 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 46% | – | 4% |
| Tel Opinion Research (R)[67][C] | May 14–17, 2008 | 800 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 45% | 43% | – | 12% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[68] | May 8–9, 2008 | 616 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 48% | 43% | – | 10% |
| Rasmussen Reports[69] | May 8, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 47% | 48% | 2% | 3% |
| Research 2000[70][B] | April 28–30, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 48% | 41% | – | 11% |
| Rasmussen Reports[71] | April 10, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 52% | 39% | 3% | 6% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[72] | February 18, 2008 | 686 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 33% | – | 18% |
| Rasmussen Reports[73] | December 19, 2007 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 55% | 35% | 4% | 6% |
| Research 2000[74][B] | December 16–18, 2007 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 46% | 39% | – | 15% |
Elizabeth Dole vs. Mike Easley
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Elizabeth Dole (R) |
Mike Easley (D) |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rasmussen Report[75] | October 17, 2007 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 42% | 50% | 3%[aa] | 4% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[76] | January 22, 2007 | 501 (LV) | ± 4.3% | 41% | 44% | – | 15% |
Elizabeth Dole vs. Jim Neal
| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Elizabeth Dole (R) |
Jim Neal (D) |
Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research 2000[70][B] | April 28–30, 2008 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 49% | 39% | – | 12% |
| Rasmussen Reports[71] | April 10, 2008 | 500 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 51% | 37% | 3% | 8% |
| Public Policy Polling (D)[72] | February 18, 2008 | 686 (LV) | ± 3.7% | 50% | 29% | – | 20% |
| Research 2000[74][B] | December 16–18, 2007 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 47% | 37% | – | 16% |
Results
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Kay Hagan | 2,249,311 | 52.65% | +7.7% | |
| Republican | Elizabeth Dole (incumbent) | 1,887,510 | 44.18% | −9.4% | |
| Libertarian | Chris Cole | 133,430 | 3.17% | +2.1% | |
| Write-in | 1,719 | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||
| Total votes | 4,271,970 | 100.00% | N/A | ||
| Democratic gain from Republican | |||||
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
- Perquimans (Largest city: Hertford)
- Camden (Largest city: Camden)
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
- Franklin (Largest city: Wake Forest)
- Montgomery (Largest city: Troy)
- Nash (largest municipality: Rocky Mount)
- New Hanover (largest municipality: Wilmington)
- Watauga (largest municipality: Boone)
- Alamance (largest municipality: Burlington)
- Brunswick (largest municipality: Leland)
- Greene (largest municipality: Snow Hill)
- Lee (largest municipality: Sanford)
- Person (largest municipality: Roxboro)
- Rockingham (largest municipality: Eden)
- Pender (largest municipality: Hampstead)
- Sampson (largest municipality: Clinton)
- Washington (largest municipality: Plymouth)
- Guilford (Largest city: Greensboro)
- Mecklenburg (Largest city: Charlotte)
- Tyrrell (largest municipality: Columbia)
- Buncombe (largest town: Asheville)
- Forsyth (largest town: Winston-Salem)
- Pitt (largest town: Greenville)
- Wake (largest town: Raleigh)
- Wilson (largest town: Wilson)
- Lenoir (largest town: Kinston)
Analysis
In the 2008 election, Dole lost by a wider-than-expected margin, taking only 44 percent of the vote to Hagan's 53 percent – the widest margin for a Senate race in North Carolina in 30 years, and the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent Senator in the 2008 cycle. It has been speculated that the outcry over the "Godless" ads contributed to Dole's loss.[78] Hagan trounced Dole in the state's five largest counties – Mecklenburg, Wake, Guilford, Forsyth and Durham. Hagan also dominated most of the eastern portion of the state, which had been the backbone of Helms' past Senate victories. While Dole dominated the Charlotte suburbs and most of the heavily Republican Foothills region, it was not enough to save her seat.
See also
Notes
- Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear - Lassiter with 2% and Staley with 1%
- Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
- Chris Cole (L) with 3%
- Chris Cole (L) with 5%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 2%, Neither/Other candidate with 5%, Refused with 1%
- Chris Cole (L) with 3%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 5%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 5%
- Chris Cole (L) with 2%
- Chris Cole (L) with 7%
- Chris Cole (L) with 6%
- Chris Cole (L) with 5%
- Chris Cole (L) with 6%
- Chris Cole (L) with 6%
- Chris Cole (L) with 7%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 7%
- Chris Cole (L) with 4%
- Chris Cole (L) with 2%
- Chris Cole (L) with 6%
- Chris Cole (L) with 1%
- "Some other candidate" with 3%
Partisan clients
- Poll sponsored by the Civitas Institute
- Poll commissioned by Allstate and National Journal
- Poll commissioned by the Associated Press
- Poll sponsored by Perdue's gubernatorial campaign
- Poll sponsored by Democracy Corp
- Poll sponsored by Dole's campaign
- Poll sponsored by Hagan's campaign
