2016 United States state legislative elections
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The 2016 United States state legislative elections were held on November 8, 2016, for 86 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. also held elections. The elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.
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November 8, 2016
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86 legislative chambers 44 states | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 Map of upper house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans gained control Republicans retained control Coalition gained control Coalition retained control Split body formed Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Map of lower house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans gained control Republicans retained control Coalition gained control Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||
Democrats won both chambers in the Nevada Legislature and the New Mexico House of Representatives, while Republicans won the Kentucky House of Representatives for the first time since 1922, the Iowa Senate, and the Minnesota Senate. The Alaska House of Representatives flipped from Republican control to a Democrat-led coalition majority, and the Connecticut State Senate went from Democratic control to tied control.[2] Meanwhile, the New York Senate went from Republican to a Republican-led coalition.
The Democrats' loss in Kentucky marked the end of the realignment of the conservative South towards the Republicans, as the House of Representatives was the last chamber they held in the region, and the last chamber they controlled in a deeply Republican state.[3] This also gave Republicans a government trifecta in the state for the first time in its history.
Summary table
Regularly scheduled elections were held in 86 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections were held for 5,876 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber.[4] The chambers not up for election either hold regularly scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.
Note that this table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.
| State | Upper House[4] | Lower House[4] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats up | Total | % up | Term | Seats up | Total | % up | Term | |
| Alabama | 0 | 35 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 4 |
| Alaska | 10 | 20 | 50 | 4 | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 |
| Arizona | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
| Arkansas | 17 | 35 | 49 | 2/4[e] | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| California | 20 | 40 | 50 | 4 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 2 |
| Colorado | 18 | 35 | 51 | 4 | 65 | 65 | 100 | 2 |
| Connecticut | 36 | 36 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
| Delaware | 11 | 21 | 52 | 2/4[e] | 41 | 41 | 100 | 2 |
| Florida | 20 | 40 | 50 | 2/4[e] | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
| Georgia | 56 | 56 | 100 | 2 | 180 | 180 | 100 | 2 |
| Hawaii | 13 | 25 | 52 | 2/4[e] | 51 | 51 | 100 | 2 |
| Idaho | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
| Illinois | 20 | 59 | 34 | 2/4[e] | 118 | 118 | 100 | 2 |
| Indiana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| Iowa | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| Kansas | 40 | 40 | 100 | 4 | 125 | 125 | 100 | 2 |
| Kentucky | 19 | 38 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| Louisiana | 0 | 39 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 4 |
| Maine | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
| Maryland | 0 | 47 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 141 | 0 | 4 |
| Massachusetts | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 | 160 | 160 | 100 | 2 |
| Michigan | 0 | 38 | 0 | 4 | 110 | 110 | 100 | 2 |
| Minnesota | 67 | 67 | 100 | 2/4[e] | 134 | 134 | 100 | 2 |
| Mississippi | 0 | 52 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 4 |
| Missouri | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 163 | 163 | 100 | 2 |
| Montana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| Nebraska | 25[f] | 49[f] | 51[f] | 4 | N/A (unicameral) | |||
| Nevada | 10 | 21 | 48 | 4 | 42 | 42 | 100 | 2 |
| New Hampshire | 24 | 24 | 100 | 2 | 400 | 400 | 100 | 2 |
| New Jersey | 0 | 40 | 0 | 2/4[e] | 0 | 80 | 0 | 2 |
| New Mexico | 42 | 42 | 100 | 4 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
| New York | 63 | 63 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
| North Carolina | 50 | 50 | 100 | 2 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
| North Dakota | 23 | 47 | 49 | 4 | 47 | 94 | 50 | 4 |
| Ohio | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
| Oklahoma | 24 | 48 | 50 | 4 | 101 | 101 | 100 | 2 |
| Oregon | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
| Pennsylvania | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 203 | 203 | 100 | 2 |
| Rhode Island | 38 | 38 | 100 | 2 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
| South Carolina | 46 | 46 | 100 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 100 | 2 |
| South Dakota | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
| Tennessee | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
| Texas | 16 | 31 | 52 | 2/4[e] | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
| Utah | 15 | 29 | 52 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
| Vermont | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
| Virginia | 0 | 40 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 2 |
| Washington | 25 | 49 | 51 | 4 | 98 | 98 | 100 | 2 |
| West Virginia | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
| Wisconsin | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
| Wyoming | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
| Total | 1281 | 1972 | 65 | N/A | 4595 | 5411 | 85 | N/A |
Electoral predictions
News sources predicted Democrats to make mild gains in state legislative control, owing to the historic lows they hit after the 2014 elections and higher predicted turnout among Democratic voters during the concurrent presidential election.[5][6]
Ratings are designated as follows:
- "Tossup": Competitive, no advantage
- "Lean": Competitive, slight advantage
- "Likely": Not competitive, but opposition could make significant gains
- "Safe": Not competitive at all
| State | PVI | Chamber | Last
election |
Governing
Oct. 12, 2016[6] |
Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | R+12 | Senate | R 14–6 | Likely R | R 14–6 |
| House of Representatives | R 23–16–1 | Likely R | Coal. 22–18 | ||
| Arizona | R+7 | Senate | R 17–13 | Lean R | R 17–13 |
| House of Representatives | R 36–24 | Lean R | R 35–25 | ||
| Arkansas | R+14 | Senate | R 24–11 | Safe R | R 26–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 64–36 | Safe R | R 73–27 | ||
| California | D+9 | State Senate | D 26–14 | Safe D | D 27–13 |
| State Assembly | D 52–28 | Safe D | D 55–25 | ||
| Colorado | D+1 | Senate | R 18–17 | Tossup | R 18–17 |
| House of Representatives | D 34–31 | Lean D | D 37–28 | ||
| Connecticut | D+7 | State Senate | D 21–15 | Tossup | 18–18 |
| House of Representatives | D 87–64 | Lean D | D 80–71 | ||
| Delaware | D+8 | Senate | D 12–9 | Safe D | D 11–10 |
| House of Representatives | D 25–16 | Safe D | D 25–16 | ||
| Florida | R+2 | Senate | R 26–14 | Likely R | R 25–15 |
| House of Representatives | R 81–39 | Likely R | R 79–41 | ||
| Georgia | R+6 | State Senate | R 38–18 | Safe R | R 38–18 |
| House of Representatives | R 119–60–1 | Safe R | R 118–62 | ||
| Hawaii | D+20 | Senate | D 24–1 | Safe D | D 25–0 |
| House of Representatives | D 43–8 | Safe D | D 45–6 | ||
| Idaho | R+18 | Senate | R 28–7 | Safe R | R 29–6 |
| House of Representatives | R 56–14 | Safe R | R 59–11 | ||
| Illinois | D+8 | Senate | D 39–20 | Likely D | D 37–22 |
| House of Representatives | D 71–47 | Likely D | D 67–51 | ||
| Indiana | R+5 | Senate | R 40–10 | Safe R | R 41–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 71–29 | Safe R | R 70–30 | ||
| Iowa | D+1 | Senate | D 26–24 | Lean D | R 29–20–1 |
| House of Representatives | R 57–43 | Likely R | R 59–41 | ||
| Kansas | R+12 | Senate | R 32–8 | Likely R | R 31–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 97–28 | Likely R | R 85–40 | ||
| Kentucky | R+13 | Senate | R 26–12 | Safe R | R 27–11 |
| House of Representatives | D 54–46 | Tossup | R 64–36 | ||
| Maine | D+6 | Senate | R 20–15 | Tossup | R 18–17 |
| House of Representatives | D 78–68–5 | Lean D | D 77–72–2 | ||
| Massachusetts | D+10 | Senate | D 34–6 | Safe D | D 34–6 |
| House of Representatives | D 125–35 | Safe D | D 125–35 | ||
| Michigan | D+4 | House of Representatives | R 63–47 | Lean R | R 63–47 |
| Minnesota | D+2 | Senate | D 39–28 | Lean D | R 34–33 |
| House of Representatives | R 72–62 | Lean R | R 77–57 | ||
| Missouri | R+5 | Senate | R 25–9 | Likely R | R 25–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 117–45–1 | Likely R | R 117–46 | ||
| Montana | R+7 | Senate | R 29–21 | Safe R | R 32–18 |
| House of Representatives | R 59–41 | Safe R | R 59–41 | ||
| Nevada | D+2 | Senate | R 11–10 | Tossup | D 11–10 |
| Assembly | R 27–15 | Lean D (flip) | D 27–15 | ||
| New Hampshire | D+1 | Senate | R 14–10 | Tossup | R 14–10 |
| House of Representatives | R 239–160–1 | Lean R | R 227–173 | ||
| New Mexico | D+4 | Senate | D 24–18 | Lean D | D 26–16 |
| House of Representatives | R 37–33 | Tossup | D 38–32 | ||
| New York | D+11 | State Senate | R 32–31 | Tossup | Coal. 39–24 |
| State Assembly | D 105–43–1–1 | Safe D | D 106–43–1 | ||
| North Carolina | R+3 | Senate | R 34–16 | Lean R | R 35–15 |
| House of Representatives | R 74–46 | Lean R | R 74–46 | ||
| North Dakota | R+10 | Senate | R 32–15 | Safe R | R 38–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 71–23 | Safe R | R 81–13 | ||
| Ohio | R+1 | Senate | R 23–10 | Likely R | R 24–9 |
| House of Representatives | R 65–34 | Likely R | R 66–33 | ||
| Oklahoma | R+19 | Senate | R 40–8 | Safe R | R 42–6 |
| House of Representatives | R 72–29 | Safe R | R 75–26 | ||
| Oregon | D+5 | State Senate | D 18–12 | Safe D | D 17–13 |
| House of Representatives | D 34–26 | Likely D | D 35–25 | ||
| Pennsylvania | D+1 | State Senate | R 30–20 | Likely R | R 34–16 |
| House of Representatives | R 119–84 | Likely R | R 121–82 | ||
| Rhode Island | D+11 | Senate | D 32–5–1 | Safe D | D 33–5 |
| House of Representatives | D 63–12 | Safe D | D 64–10–1 | ||
| South Carolina | R+8 | Senate | R 28–18 | Safe R | R 28–18 |
| House of Representatives | R 78–46 | Safe R | R 80–44 | ||
| South Dakota | R+10 | Senate | R 27–8 | Safe R | R 29–6 |
| House of Representatives | R 58–12 | Safe R | R 60–10 | ||
| Tennessee | R+12 | Senate | R 28–5 | Safe R | R 28–5 |
| House of Representatives | R 73–26 | Safe R | R 74–25 | ||
| Texas | R+10 | Senate | R 20–11 | Safe R | R 20–11 |
| House of Representatives | R 98–52 | Safe R | R 95–55 | ||
| Utah | R+22 | State Senate | R 24–5 | Safe R | R 24–5 |
| House of Representatives | R 63–12 | Safe R | R 62–13 | ||
| Vermont | D+18 | Senate | D 19–9–2 | Safe D | D 21–7–2 |
| House of Representatives | D 85–53–6–6 | Safe D | D 85–53–7–7 | ||
| Washington | D+5 | State Senate | Coal. 26–23 | Lean R | Coal. 25–24 |
| House of Representatives | D 50–48 | Lean D | D 50–48 | ||
| West Virginia | R+13 | Senate | R 18–16[g] | Lean R | R 22–12 |
| House of Delegates | R 64–36 | Likely R | R 63–37 | ||
| Wisconsin | D+2 | Senate | R 19–14 | Lean R | R 20–13 |
| State Assembly | R 63–36 | Lean R | R 64–35 | ||
| Wyoming | R+22 | Senate | R 26–4 | Safe R | R 27–3 |
| House of Representatives | R 51–9 | Safe R | R 51–9 |
Maps
Upper house seats by party holding majority in each stateRepublican 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90–100%Democratic 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90–100%Tie 50%
Lower house seats by party holding majority in each stateRepublican 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%Democratic 50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
Net changes to upper house seats after the 2016 elections
+1 Dem seat +2 Dem seats +3 Dem seats
+1 Rep seat +2 Rep seats +3–4 Rep seats +6 Rep seats
Net changes to lower house seats after the 2016 elections
+1 Dem seat +2 Dem seats +3–5 Dem seats +10–13 Dem seats
+1 Rep seat +2 Rep seats +3–5 Rep seats
+6–10 Rep seats +17 Rep seats
+1 Ind seat +1 Prog seat
State summaries
Alaska
Half of the seats of the Alaska Senate and all of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. The Alaska legislature was controlled by Republicans. Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Alaska House of Representatives flipped to a Democratic-led coalition of Democrats, Republicans, and independents.[7]
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 14 | 14 |  | |
| Democratic | 6 | 6 | | |
| Total | 20 | 20 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 12 | 17[h] |  1 | |
| 4[i] | ||||
| Independent | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Republican | 23 | 3 |  2 | |
| 18 | ||||
| Total | 40 | 40 | ||
Arizona
All of the seats of the Arizona Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans maintained a government trifecta with control of the governorship and both state legislative chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 18 | 17 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 12 | 13 | 1 | |
| Total | 30 | 30 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 36 | 35 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 24 | 25 | 1 | |
| Total | 60 | 60 | ||
Arkansas
Half of the seats of the Arkansas Senate and all of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 24 | 26 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 11 | 9 | 2 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 64 | 73 | 9 | |
| Democratic | 35 | 27 | 8 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
California
Half of the seats of the California State Senate and all of the seats of the California State Assembly were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 26 | 27 | 1 | |
| Republican | 14 | 13 | 1 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 52 | 55 | 3 | |
| Republican | 28 | 25 | 3 | |
| Total | 80 | 80 | ||
Colorado
Half of the seats of the Colorado Senate and all of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of the state House and Republicans maintained control of the state Senate.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 18 | 18 | | |
| Democratic | 17 | 17 | | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 34 | 37 | 3 | |
| Republican | 31 | 28 | 3 | |
| Total | 65 | 65 | ||
Connecticut
All of the seats of the Connecticut State Senate and the Connecticut House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of the state House, while the state Senate went from Democratic to evenly split.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 21 | 18 | 3 | |
| Republican | 15 | 18 | 3 | |
| Total | 36 | 36 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 87 | 80 | 7 | |
| Republican | 64 | 71 | 7 | |
| Total | 151 | 151 | ||
Delaware
Half of the seats of the Delaware Senate and all of the seats of the Delaware House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 12 | 11 | 1 | |
| Republican | 9 | 10 | 1 | |
| Total | 21 | 21 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 25 | 25 | | |
| Republican | 16 | 16 | | |
| Total | 41 | 41 | ||
Florida
Half of the seats of the Florida Senate and all of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 26 | 25 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 14 | 15 | 1 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 81 | 79 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 39 | 41 | 2 | |
| Total | 120 | 120 | ||
Georgia
All of the seats of the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 39 | 38 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 17 | 18 | 1 | |
| Total | 56 | 56 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 118 | 118 | | |
| Democratic | 61 | 62 | 1 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 180 | 180 | ||
Hawaii
Half of the seats of the Hawaii Senate and all of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 24 | 25 | 1 | |
| Republican | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 25 | 25 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 44 | 45 | 1 | |
| Republican | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
| Total | 51 | 51 | ||
Idaho
All of the seats of the Idaho Senate and the Idaho House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 28 | 29 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 7 | 6 | 1 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 56 | 59 | 3 | |
| Democratic | 14 | 11 | 3 | |
| Total | 70 | 70 | ||
Illinois
One-third of the seats of the Illinois Senate and all of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 39 | 37 | 2 | |
| Republican | 20 | 22 | 2 | |
| Total | 59 | 59 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 71 | 67 | 4 | |
| Republican | 47 | 51 | 4 | |
| Total | 118 | 118 | ||
Indiana
Half of the seats of the Indiana Senate and all of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 40 | 41 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 10 | 9 | 1 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 71 | 70 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 29 | 30 | 1 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Iowa
Half of the seats of the Iowa Senate and all of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of the state House, and won the state Senate thereby establishing a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 23 | 29 | 6 | |
| Democratic | 26 | 20 | 6 | |
| Independent | 1 | 1 | | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 57 | 59 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 43 | 41 | 2 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Kansas
All of the seats of the Kansas Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 32 | 31 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 8 | 9 | 1 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 97 | 85 | 12 | |
| Democratic | 28 | 40 | 12 | |
| Total | 125 | 125 | ||
Kentucky
Half of the seats of the Kentucky Senate and all of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of the state Senate, and won control of the state House for the first time since 1922, thus establishing a Republican trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 27 | 27 | | |
| Democratic | 11 | 11 | | |
| Total | 38 | 38 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 47 | 64 | 17 | |
| Democratic | 53 | 36 | 17 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Maine
All of the seats of the Maine Senate and the Maine House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of the state House, and Republicans maintained control of the state Senate.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 20 | 18 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 15 | 17 | 2 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 78 | 77 | 1 | |
| Republican | 69 | 72 | 3 | |
| Independent | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Total | 151 | 151 | ||
Massachusetts
All of the seats of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 34 | 34 | | |
| Republican | 6 | 6 | | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 126 | 125 | 1 | |
| Republican | 34 | 35 | 1 | |
| Total | 160 | 160 | ||
Michigan
All of the seats of the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. The Michigan Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2016. Republicans maintained control of the chamber.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 63 | 63 | | |
| Democratic | 47 | 47 | | |
| Total | 110 | 110 | ||
Minnesota
All of the seats of the Minnesota Senate and the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans won control of the State Senate, while maintaining control of the state House.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 28 | 34 | 6 | |
| Democratic (DFL) | 39 | 33 | 6 | |
| Total | 67 | 67 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 73 | 77 | 4 | |
| Democratic (DFL) | 61 | 57 | 4 | |
| Total | 134 | 134 | ||
Missouri
Half of the seats of the Missouri Senate and all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 25 | 25 | | |
| Democratic | 9 | 9 | | |
| Total | 34 | 34 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 117 | 117 | | |
| Democratic | 45 | 46 | 1 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 163 | 163 | ||
Montana
Half of the seats of the Montana Senate and all of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans held control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 29 | 32 | 3 | |
| Democratic | 21 | 18 | 3 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 59 | 59 | | |
| Democratic | 41 | 41 | | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Nebraska
Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election in 2016. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 35 | 32 | 3 | |
| Democratic | 12 | 15 | 3 | |
| Independent | 1 | 1 | | |
| Libertarian | 1 | 1 | | |
| Total | 49 | 49 | ||
Nevada
Half of the seats of the Nevada Senate and all of the seats of the Nevada Assembly were up for election in 2016. Democrats won control of both chambers, ending a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 10 | 11 | 1 | |
| Republican | 11 | 10 | 1 | |
| Total | 21 | 21 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 17 | 27 | 10 | |
| Republican | 24 | 15 | 9 | |
| Libertarian | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 42 | 42 | ||
New Hampshire
All of the seats of the New Hampshire Senate and the New Hampshire House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 14 | 14 | | |
| Democratic | 10 | 10 | | |
| Total | 24 | 24 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 239 | 227 | 12 | |
| Democratic | 160 | 173 | 13 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 400 | 400 | ||
New Mexico
All of the seats of the New Mexico Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of the state Senate, and won the state House.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 24 | 26 | 2 | |
| Republican | 18 | 16 | 2 | |
| Total | 42 | 42 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 33 | 38 | 5 | |
| Republican | 37 | 32 | 5 | |
| Total | 70 | 70 | ||
New York
All of the seats of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2016. Democrats held control of the state House, and Republicans lost outright control of the state Senate, requiring the Independent Democratic Conference to continue to caucus with them.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 32 | 31 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 6[j] | 8[k] | 2 | |
| 25 | 24 | 1 | ||
| Total | 63 | 63 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 106 | 106 | | |
| Republican | 42 | 43 | 1 | |
| Independence | 1 | 1 | | |
| Conservative | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | ||
North Carolina
All of the seats of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 34 | 35 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 16 | 15 | 1 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 74 | 74 | | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 45 | 46 | 1 | |
| Total | 120 | 120 | ||
North Dakota
Half of the seats of the North Dakota Senate and the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 32 | 38 | 6 | |
| Democratic-NPL | 15 | 9 | 6 | |
| Total | 47 | 47 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 71 | 81 | 10 | |
| Democratic-NPL | 23 | 13 | 10 | |
| Total | 94 | 94 | ||
Ohio
Half of the seats of the Ohio Senate and all of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 23 | 24 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 10 | 9 | 1 | |
| Total | 33 | 33 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 65 | 66 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 34 | 33 | 1 | |
| Total | 99 | 99 | ||
Oklahoma
Half of the seats of the Oklahoma Senate and all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 39 | 42 | 3 | |
| Democratic | 9 | 6 | 3 | |
| Total | 48 | 48 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 71 | 75 | 4 | |
| Democratic | 30 | 26 | 4 | |
| Total | 101 | 101 | ||
Oregon
Half of the seats of the Oregon State Senate and all of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 18 | 17 | 1 | |
| Republican | 12 | 13 | 1 | |
| Total | 30 | 30 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 35 | 35 | | |
| Republican | 25 | 25 | | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
Pennsylvania
Half of the seats of the Pennsylvania State Senate and all of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 31 | 34 | 3 | |
| Democratic | 19 | 16 | 3 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 119 | 121 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 84 | 82 | 2 | |
| Total | 203 | 203 | ||
Rhode Island
All of the seats of the Rhode Island Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 32 | 33 | 1 | |
| Republican | 5 | 5 | | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 38 | 38 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 62 | 64 | 2 | |
| Republican | 12 | 10 | 2 | |
| Independent | 1 | 1 | | |
| Total | 75 | 75 | ||
South Carolina
All of the seats of the South Carolina Senate and the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 28 | 28 | | |
| Democratic | 18 | 18 | | |
| Total | 46 | 46 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 78 | 80 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 46 | 44 | 2 | |
| Total | 124 | 124 | ||
South Dakota
All of the seats of the South Dakota Senate and the South Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 27 | 29 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 8 | 6 | 2 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 58 | 60 | 2 | |
| Democratic | 12 | 10 | 2 | |
| Total | 70 | 70 | ||
Tennessee
Half of the seats of the Tennessee Senate and all of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 28 | 28 | | |
| Democratic | 5 | 5 | | |
| Total | 33 | 33 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 73 | 74 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 26 | 25 | 1 | |
| Total | 99 | 99 | ||
Texas
Half of the seats of the Texas Senate and all of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 20 | 20 | | |
| Democratic | 11 | 11 | | |
| Total | 31 | 31 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 99 | 95 | 4 | |
| Democratic | 50 | 55 | 5 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | ||
Utah
Half of the seats of the Utah State Senate and all of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 23 | 24 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
| Total | 29 | 29 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 63 | 62 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 12 | 13 | 1 | |
| Total | 75 | 75 | ||
Vermont
All of the seats of the Vermont Senate and the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 19 | 21 | 2 | |
| Republican | 9 | 7 | 2 | |
| Progressive | 2 | 2 | | |
| Total | 30 | 30 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 85 | 83 | 2 | |
| Republican | 53 | 53 | | |
| Progressive | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
| Independent | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | ||
Washington
Half of the seats of the Washington State Senate and all of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Democrats retained control of the state House, while Republicans maintained coalition control of the state Senate.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 25 | 24 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 1[l] | 1[l] | 1 | |
| 23 | 24 | |||
| Total | 49 | 49 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 50 | 50 | | |
| Republican | 48 | 48 | | |
| Total | 98 | 98 | ||
West Virginia
Half of the seats of the West Virginia Senate and all of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 18 | 22 | 4 | |
| Democratic | 16 | 12 | 4 | |
| Total | 34 | 34 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 64 | 63 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 36 | 37 | 1 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Wisconsin
Half of the seats of the Wisconsin Senate and all of the seats of the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 19 | 20 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 14 | 13 | 1 | |
| Total | 33 | 33 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 63 | 64 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 36 | 35 | 1 | |
| Total | 99 | 99 | ||
Wyoming
Half of the seats of the Wyoming Senate and all of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Republicans retained control of both chambers, maintaining a government trifecta.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 26 | 27 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| Total | 30 | 30 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 51 | 51 | | |
| Democratic | 9 | 9 | | |
| Total | 60 | 60 | ||
Territorial and federal district summaries
American Samoa
All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.
Guam
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 9 | 9 | | |
| Republican | 6 | 6 | | |
| Total | 15 | 15 | ||
Northern Mariana Islands
A portion of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate, and all of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, were up for election. Members of the senate serve either four-year terms, while members of the house serve two-year terms. Republicans maintained control of the upper house, and won control of the lower house from Independents.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 6 | 7 | 1 | |
| Independent | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Democratic | 0 | 0 | | |
| Total | 9 | 9 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 7 | 15 | 8 | |
| Democratic | 0 | 0 | | |
| Independent | 13 | 5 | 8 | |
| Total | 20 | 20 | ||
Puerto Rico
All of the seats of the Senate of Puerto Rico and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico are up for election. Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives both serve four-year terms. The New Progressive Party won control of both chambers, from the Popular Democratic Party.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Popular Democratic | 18 | 7 | 11 | |
| New Progressive | 8 | 21 | 13 | |
| Puerto Rican Independence | 1 | 1 | | |
| Independent | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 27 | 27 | ||
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Popular Democratic | 28 | 16 | 12 | |
| New Progressive | 23 | 34 | 11 | |
| Puerto Rican Independence | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 51 | 51 | ||
U.S. Virgin Islands
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 11 | 11 | | |
| Independent | 4 | 4 | | |
| Total | 15 | 15 | ||
Washington, D.C.
The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats are up for election. Council members serve four-year terms. Democrats retained supermajority control of the council.
| Party | Before | After | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 11 | 11 | | |
| Independent | 2 | 2 | | |
| Total | 13 | 13 | ||
Special elections
California
| District | Incumbent | This race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | No. | Representative | Party | First elected |
Results | Candidates |
| Assembly | 31 | Henry Perea | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2015, to become a lobbyist. New member elected April 5, 2016. Democratic hold. |
|
See also
Notes
- In the Washington State Senate, one Democrat caucused with Republicans to form the Majority Coalition Caucus
- The Alaska House of Representatives Moderate Republicans formed a coalition with Democrats and Independents.
- Republicans lost their majority in the New York Senate, but the Independent Democratic Conference continued to caucus with them to form a coalition.[1]
- The Connecticut Senate was tied in the 2017-2019 session. This is not counted in the total here.
- The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system.
- These figures represent the seats of Nebraska's unicameral legislature.
- Includes a post-election party switch by Senator Daniel Hall which gave Republicans control of the chamber.
- Coalition consisted of 15 Democrats, 8 Republicans, and 2 Independents.
- Four Democrats caucused with the Republican majority
- 5 members of the Independent Democratic Caucus as well as Democrat Simcha Felder.
- 7 members of the Independent Democratic Caucus as well as Democrat Simcha Felder.
- One Democrat caucused with the Republicans to give them a majority.