3C 318
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| 3C 318 | |
|---|---|
 The quasar 3C 318. | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Serpens |
| Right ascension | 15h 20m 05.460s[1] |
| Declination | +20° 16′ 05.58″[1] |
| Redshift | 1.572248[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 471,348 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 9.235 Gly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 20.9 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 21.93 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | CSS[1] |
| Other designations | |
| LEDA 2817670, OHIO R 229, DA 381, CTA 68, 4C 20.35, NRAO 476, TXS 1517+204, PKS 1517+204 | |
3C 318 is a quasar located 9.2 billion light years in the constellation of Serpens.[1] This radio-loud and luminous object[2][3] has a redshift of (z) 1.574,[4] and is classified as a compact steep-spectrum source (CSS).[5] It is described as an N galaxy, first discovered by astronomers, Hyron Spinard and H.E. Smith in 1976[6] but also a radio galaxy.[7]
3C 318 contains a triple source with an inclusion of a much weaker component located north based on Very Large Array (VLA) observations.[8] A polarization observation by MERLIN also suggested the source has a weak radio core, an extended southwest radio lobe and a jet that is one-sided towards northeast.[9] Very Long Baseline Interferometry radio imaging also found the quasar has a triple structure described as asymmetric with a central component likely containing the core. There is a jet emerging from the north-eastern component of the core region.[10] The brightest component found at 8.4 GHz, has a polarization percentage of 10.[7] There is an offset continuum-subtracted line emitter from its nucleus by 0.33 arcseconds with a projection of 2.82 kiloparsecs.[11]
Molecular gas observations on the quasar showed it to have an estimated mass of (3.0 ± 0.6) × 1010 M☉. In additional, there are both position and velocity offsets between the gas and the quasar itself, indicating it might be undergoing a major galaxy merger. Results also showed the object also has a gas depletion timescale of 20 million years and a star formation rate of 1700 M☉ yr−1.[12] The quasar is also thought to be one of the infrared sources; however later observations showed that most emission originated from a pair of interacting galaxies at redshift (z) 0.35.[2]
Ionized gas outflows were also discovered in the quasar by Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). These outflows are estimated to extending towards both northeast and southwest directions with an extent of 3.2 kiloparsecs. Band 4 observations conducted by ALMA also showed the quasar has an extended molecular emission with two offset components located west and south by 1.7 and 17 kiloparsecs respectively.[13]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database results for 3C 318". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
- 1 2 Podigachoski, P.; Barthel, P. D.; Peletier, R. F.; Steendam, S. (2016-01-01). "The far-infrared emission of the radio-loud quasar 3C 318". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 585: A142. arXiv:1510.06066. Bibcode:2016A&A...585A.142P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527394. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Vayner, Andrey; Wright, Shelley A.; Murray, Norman; Armus, Lee; Boehle, Anna; Cosens, Maren; Larkin, James E.; Mieda, Etsuko; Walth, Gregory (2021-03-01). "A Spatially Resolved Survey of Distant Quasar Host Galaxies. II. Photoionization and Kinematics of the ISM". The Astrophysical Journal. 910 (1): 44. arXiv:2101.08291. Bibcode:2021ApJ...910...44V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abddc1. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Willott, Chris J.; Rawlings, Steve; Jarvis, Matt J. (2000-04-01). "The hyperluminous infrared quasar 3C 318 and its implications for interpreting submm detections of high-redshift radio galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 313 (2): 237–246. arXiv:astro-ph/9910422. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.313..237W. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03267.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Taylor, G. B.; Inoue, M.; Tabara, H. (1992-10-01). "Anomalous rotation measures of the compact steep spectrum source 3C 318". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 264: 421–427. Bibcode:1992A&A...264..421T. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E. (June 1976). "The distant N galaxy 3C 318". The Astrophysical Journal. 206: 355. Bibcode:1976ApJ...206..355S. doi:10.1086/154389. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 Mantovani, F.; Rossetti, A.; Junor, W.; Saikia, D. J.; Salter, C. J. (July 2010). "Radio polarimetry of 3C 119, 3C 318, and 3C 343 at milliarcsecond resolution" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 518: A33. arXiv:1005.2950. Bibcode:2010A&A...518A..33M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014400. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ van Breugel, W. J. M.; Fanti, C.; Fanti, R.; Stanghellini, C.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Spencer, R. E. (1992-03-01). "Compact Steep-Spectrum 3CR sources: VLA observations at 1.5, 15 and 22.5 GHz". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 256: 56. Bibcode:1992A&A...256...56V. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Ludke, E.; Garrington, S. T.; Spencer, R. E.; Akujor, C. E.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Sanghera, H. S.; Fanti, C. (1998-09-01). "MERLIN polarization observations of compact steep-spectrum sources at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 299 (2): 467–478. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.299..467L. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01843.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Dallacasa, D; Orienti, M; Fanti, C; Fanti, R (2021-04-13). "VLBI images at 327 MHz of compact steep spectrum and GHz-peaked spectrum sources from the 3C and PW samples". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 504 (2): 2312–2324. arXiv:2104.12804. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1014. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Heywood, Ian; Martínez-Sansigre, Alejo; Willott, Chris J.; Rawlings, Steve (2013-11-01). "Ground-state 12CO emission and a resolved jet at 115 GHz (rest frame) in the radio-loud quasar 3C 318". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 435 (4): 3376–3384. arXiv:1308.3360. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.435.3376H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1530. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Willott, Chris J.; Martínez-Sansigre, Alejo; Rawlings, Steve (2007-01-09). "Molecular Gas Observations of the Reddened Quasar 3C 318". The Astronomical Journal. 133 (2): 564–567. arXiv:astro-ph/0610564. Bibcode:2007AJ....133..564W. doi:10.1086/510291. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ↑ Vayner, Andrey; Zakamska, Nadia; Wright, Shelley A.; Armus, Lee; Murray, Norman; Walth, Gregory (December 2021). "Multiphase Outflows in High-redshift Quasar Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 923 (1): 59. arXiv:2110.00019. Bibcode:2021ApJ...923...59V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2b9e. ISSN 0004-637X.
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