PKS 1538+149
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| PKS 1538+149 | |
|---|---|
 Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of PKS 1538+149. | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Serpens |
| Right ascension | 15h 40m 49.49s |
| Declination | +14° 47′ 45.88″ |
| Redshift | 0.606441 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 181,806 km/s |
| Distance | 5.733 Gly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 17.30 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 17.72 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | Opt. var; FRSQ BLLAC |
| Other designations | |
| 4C +14.60, MG J1540+1447, LEDA 2819234, OR +165, CoNFIG 226, Cul 1538+149, RX J1540.8+1447, 2MASSI J1540494+144745, SDSS J154049.49+144745.8 | |
PKS 1538+149 also known as 4C 14.60, is a BL Lacertae object[1] located in the constellation of Serpens. The redshift of the object is found to be (z) 0.605[2] and was discovered through photoelectric observations in February 1975 by astronomers who observed it had a continuous spectra.[3] The radio spectrum of the source is flat, describing it a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FRSQ).[4]
PKS 1538+149 is shown undergoing a decrease in brightness levels by displaying a low visual magnitude of 1.7 as observed by E.R. Craine and K. Johnson.[3] It is noted to be variable too, when it was detected by J.T. Pollock in 1975, who noted the object had an amplitude exceeding more than a magnitude of 2.8 ± 0.20, however it has no evidence of variations in X-ray flux.[5][6] During the period between April and June 1986, the light curve data, showed it undergoing a decrease of 0.0026 magnitude per day, averaging on the magnitude of 18.54.[7] The object is also classified as a blazar due to its high optical polarization, displaying large variations more than 1 magnitude while the spectral index described as both steep and also variable, remained constant.[8][9][10]
The radio structure of PKS 1538+149 is described as compact. On arcsecond scales, the source has a size of 6 centimeters with radio emission depicted as being concentrated in its northern region.[11] Observations also showed the source is elongated with radio frequency identification imaging finding the emission further extends northwest by 60 milliarcseconds and by 10 milliarcseconds at 8.4 GHz frequencies.[12] It is found PKS 1538+149 has a jet with jet power of 2.36 × 1045 ergs with an opening angle of 16.1°. The radio core is noted shifting by 0.032 milliarcseconds in frequencies of 8.1-15.3 GHz.[13]
Earlier observations, especially using near-infrared H-band found PKS 1538+149 has an unresolved host galaxy.[14] Imaging with Hubble Space Telescope would later reveal the host galaxy is indeed a round elliptical galaxy, surrounded by several other faint galaxies within its vicinity. It has a low surface brightness and V-I color of 2.85. A de Vaucouleurs model also described the host galaxy as large and luminous with a measured magnitude of -25.1 and length of 21 kilometers in size.[15] A central supermassive black hole mass of 7.54 × 104 M☉ was found for the object.[4]
References
- ↑ Falomo, R.; Treves, A.; Chiappetti, L.; Maraschi, L.; Pian, E.; Tanzi, E. G. (January 1993). "The Ultraviolet--to--Near-Infrared Spectral Flux Distribution of Four BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 402: 532. Bibcode:1993ApJ...402..532F. doi:10.1086/172154. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Kotilainen, J. K.; Hyvönen, T.; Falomo, R. (2005-09-01). "The luminous host galaxies of high redshift BL Lac objects" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 440 (3): 831–843. arXiv:astro-ph/0505443. Bibcode:2005A&A...440..831K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042548. ISSN 0004-6361.
- 1 2 Craine, E. R.; Johnson, K.; Tapia, S. (February 1975). "UBVr sequences and observations of optically identified radio sources". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 87: 123–130. Bibcode:1975PASP...87..123C. doi:10.1086/129733. ISSN 0004-6280.
- 1 2 Xie, Guang-Zhong; Chen, Luo-En; Li, Huai-Zhen; Mao, Li-Sheng; Dai, Hong; Xie, Zhao-Hua; Ma, Li; Zhou, Shu-Bai (October 2005). "Estimates of AGN Black Hole Mass and Minimum Variability Timescale". Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 5 (5): 463–470. Bibcode:2005ChJAA...5..463X. doi:10.1088/1009-9271/5/5/004. ISSN 1009-9271.
- ↑ Pollock, J. T. (June 1975). "Variability and optical-radio properties of BL Lacertae objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 198: L53. Bibcode:1975ApJ...198L..53P. doi:10.1086/181809. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Maccagni, D.; Tarenghi, M. (January 1981). "X-ray observations of six BL Lacertae fields". The Astrophysical Journal. 243: 42–46. Bibcode:1981ApJ...243...42M. doi:10.1086/158564. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Kidger, Mark R. (October 1988). "CCD monitoring of quasars and BL Lacertae objects". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 100: 1248. Bibcode:1988PASP..100.1248K. doi:10.1086/132311. ISSN 0004-6280.
- ↑ Rusk, R. E.; Seaquist, E. R.; Yen, J. L. (September 1983). "Polarized Compact Radio Sources". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 15: 957. Bibcode:1983BAAS...15..957R.
- ↑ Falomo, R.; Scarpa, R.; Bersanelli, M. (July 1994). "Optical Spectrophotometry of Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 93: 125. Bibcode:1994ApJS...93..125F. doi:10.1086/192048. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Impey, C. D.; Brand, P. W. J. L.; Wolstencroft, R. D.; Williams, P. M. (July 1984). "Infrared polarimetry and photometry of BL Lac objects - II". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 209 (2): 245–269. doi:10.1093/mnras/209.2.245. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Ulvestad, J. S.; Johnston, K. J.; Weiler, K. W. (March 1983). "The arc second radio structure of 12 BL Lacertae objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 266: 18. Bibcode:1983ApJ...266...18U. doi:10.1086/160755. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Zensus, J. A.; Ros, E.; Kellermann, K. I.; Cohen, M. H.; Vermeulen, R. C.; Kadler, M. (August 2002). "Sub-milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Additional Sources". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (2): 662–674. arXiv:astro-ph/0205076. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..662Z. doi:10.1086/341585. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ↑ Nokhrina, E. E.; Beskin, V. S.; Kovalev, Y. Y.; Zheltoukhov, A. A. (March 2015). "Intrinsic physical conditions and structure of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (3): 2726–2737. arXiv:1412.1992. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2587. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Kotilainen, Jari K.; Falomo, Renato; Scarpa, Riccardo (August 1998). "The host galaxies of BL Lac objects in the near-infrared". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 336: 479–489. arXiv:astro-ph/9805295. Bibcode:1998A&A...336..479K. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Urry, C. Megan; Falomo, Renato; Scarpa, Riccardo; Pesce, Joseph E.; Treves, Aldo; Giavalisco, Mauro (February 1999). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Host Galaxies of BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 512 (1): 88–99. arXiv:astro-ph/9809060. Bibcode:1999ApJ...512...88U. doi:10.1086/306763. ISSN 0004-637X.
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