On 1 July 1938, the "Air Defense Command Essen" (Luftverteidigungskommando Essen) staff was formed, later redesignated "Air Defense Command Düsseldorf" (Luftverteidigungskommando Düsseldorf). On 1 August 1939, this Air Defense Command received its ordinal number 4, becoming "4th Air Defense Command" (Luftverteidigungskommando 4).[1]:269 The initial head of the staff was Kurt Steudemann, who was replaced on 31 October 1939 by Otto-Wilhelm von Renz.[2] It was initially the only air defense command in the Ruhr area.[3]:519 It was assigned to Luftgau VI, headquartered at Münster, along with 7th Flak Division (created in March 1940) in Cologne.[4]:12
On 1 September 1941, the 4th Air Defense Command was officially designated the "4th Flak Division" and initially remained headquartered at Düsseldorf, though its HQ was subsequently redeployed in July 1942 to Ratingen.[1]:269 Along with the designation as 4th Flak Division, command passed to Gerhard Hoffmann.[2] Initially, the 4th Flak Division was responsible to protect the entire Ruhr industrial area from the Allied strategic bombing campaign,[1]:269 but the creation of an additional formation, the 22nd Flak Division, in Dortmund in June 1943 meant that the 4th Flak Division was only left responsible for the western Ruhr area.[4]:12 The 4th Flak Division staff was concurrently redeployed to Duisburg.[1]:269 On 5 March 1942, command passed to Johannes Hintz, who was later succeeded by Ludwig Schilffarth on 20 February 1944. The final commander was a colonel-ranked officer named Max Hecht, who took command on 15 November 1944.[2]
By 1 November 1943, the 4th Flak Division was still part of the heaviest-defended region in terms of flak divisions, as Luftgau VI with its three flak divisions (4th, 7th, 22nd) had more flak divisions than any other Luftgau. At this point, the entire Luftgau VI, then under August Schmidt, was armed, across its three flak divisions, with 320 heavy flak batteries, 35 medium flak batteries, 125 light flak batteries, 107 searchlight batteries, and 41 various flak support batteries.[5]:219
In 1945, the 4th Flak Division was used in ground-level combat on the Western Front, along the Rhine river.[1]:269
On 18 April 1945, the 4th Flak Division surrendered as part of the Ruhr pocket.[1]:269
References
123456Tessin, Georg (1966). Die Landstreitkräfte 001–005. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945. Vol.2. Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH. ISBN3764808713.
12Tessin, Georg (1967). Die Landstreitkräfte 006–014. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945 (in German). Vol.3. Frankfurt/Main: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH.
↑Boog, Horst (2006). "The Strategic Air War in Europe and Air Defence of the Reich, 1943–1944". Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943–1944/5. Germany and the Second World War. Vol.7. London: Clarendon Press. pp.7–478. ISBN9780198228899.
Nazi Germany