Cuca (footballer, born 1963)
Brazilian football manager (born 1963)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alexi Stival (born 7 June 1963), known as Cuca (Portuguese pronunciation: [kukɐ]), is a Brazilian professional football coach, former player and convicted rapist[2]. He is the current head coach of Santos.
|
Cuca in 2021 | |||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Alexi Stival[1] | ||
| Date of birth | 7 June 1963 | ||
| Place of birth | Curitiba, Brazil | ||
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | ||
| Position | Forward | ||
| Team information | |||
Current team | Santos (head coach) | ||
| Youth career | |||
| Pinheiros-PR | |||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps | (Gls) |
| 1981–1983 | Pinheiros-PR | ? | (2) |
| 1984–1985 | Santa Cruz-RS | 24 | (4) |
| 1985–1987 | Juventude | 92 | (22) |
| 1987–1990 | Grêmio | 122 | (51) |
| 1990–1991 | Valladolid | 12 | (4) |
| 1991 | → Internacional (loan) | 34 | (8) |
| 1992 | Grêmio | 9 | (2) |
| 1992 | Palmeiras | 18 | (5) |
| 1993–1994 | Santos | 38 | (11) |
| 1994 | → Portuguesa (loan) | 13 | (2) |
| 1994 | Remo | 13 | (2) |
| 1995 | Juventude | 37 | (9) |
| 1996 | Chapecoense | ? | (2) |
| International career | |||
| 1991 | Brazil | 1 | (0) |
| Managerial career | |||
| 1998 | Uberlândia | ||
| 1999 | Brasil de Pelotas | ||
| 1999 | Avaí | ||
| 2000 | Inter de Limeira | ||
| 2000 | Avaí | ||
| 2001 | Inter de Lages | ||
| 2001 | Remo | ||
| 2001–2002 | Criciúma | ||
| 2002 | Gama | ||
| 2003 | Paraná | ||
| 2003 | Goiás | ||
| 2004 | São Paulo | ||
| 2004 | Grêmio | ||
| 2005 | Flamengo | ||
| 2005 | Coritiba | ||
| 2005 | São Caetano | ||
| 2006–2007 | Botafogo | ||
| 2007–2008 | Botafogo | ||
| 2008 | Santos | ||
| 2008 | Fluminense | ||
| 2009 | Flamengo | ||
| 2009–2010 | Fluminense | ||
| 2010–2011 | Cruzeiro | ||
| 2011–2013 | Atlético Mineiro | ||
| 2013–2015 | Shandong Luneng | ||
| 2016 | Palmeiras | ||
| 2017 | Palmeiras | ||
| 2018 | Santos | ||
| 2019 | São Paulo | ||
| 2020–2021 | Santos | ||
| 2021 | Atlético Mineiro | ||
| 2022 | Atlético Mineiro | ||
| 2023 | Corinthians | ||
| 2024 | Athletico Paranaense | ||
| 2025 | Atlético Mineiro | ||
| 2026– | Santos | ||
| * Club domestic league appearances and goals | |||
Cuca played as a forward, winning Campeonato Gaúcho titles for Grêmio and Internacional, while also featuring for Palmeiras and Santos, among others. He made one appearance for the Brazil national team in 1991.
Since his retirement, Cuca has been the head coach of a number of clubs, mostly in his native country. He has led nine of the Big 12, winning the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A with Palmeiras in 2016 and Atlético Mineiro in 2021, and also lifting the 2013 Copa Libertadores with the latter.
Personal life
Born in Curitiba, Paraná, Cuca started playing football to help cover the expenses of a heart surgery for his father Dirceu. His nickname Cuca was created by his older brother Amauri: their parents used to mock Amauri when the boy was fooling around by saying that the city's police officer, nicknamed Cucla, would catch him on the act; once the little brother arrived at home and was described as "very handsome" by their mother, Amauri, in an attempt to mock his brother, called him Cuca in a reference to the police officer Cucla, not knowing that his nickname had an L.[3]
Cuca is married to Rejane since 1985,[4] and has two daughters, Maiara and Natasha.[5] He is a practising Roman Catholic.[6][7] Cuca's younger brother Cuquinha was also a footballer; a midfielder, he only had a short career before starting to work as his assistant in 1999.[8] Their elder brother, Amauri, was a central defender who also played professionally.[9]
On 7 November 2020, while coaching Santos, Cuca tested positive for COVID-19, being immediately transferred to the Hospital Sírio-Libanês.[10]
Rape claims and conviction
In 1987, while playing a tournament in Switzerland with Grêmio, Cuca and three other teammates (Eduardo Henrique Hamester, Henrique Arlindo Etges and Fernando Castoldi), were arrested for 28 days for allegedly raping a 13-year-old girl in a hotel room in Bern.[11] Two of the players admitted to having sex with the girl, but claimed that the encounter was consensual and that they were unaware that she was underaged; Cuca and the other teammate denied participating.[2] Forensic examination found traces of semen from Cuca and Eduardo on the girl's body,[12] but no evidence of violence, and the four were released on bail and allowed to return to Brazil.[13] Despite Cuca not being initially identified by the accuser as one of the offenders,[14] he was convicted in absentia two years later by a Swiss court to 15 months imprisonment for "engaging in sexual act with a minor and coercion".[2][12] The sentence was not served and expired in 2004.[15]
In 2023, the girl's attorney, Willi Egloff, said in an interview that the accuser did identify Cuca as one of the offenders.[16] On 28 December of that year, his sentence was voided by the Swiss judicial system without a new judgement, after the judge Bettina Boschler deemed that his case in 1989 led to an "unfair veredict", and the Public Ministry alleged prescription of the crime and suggested the annulment of the sentence.[17]
Playing career
Club
Cuca started his career with Santa Cruz-RS after graduating with hometown side Pinheiros.[18] He moved to Juventude in May 1985, and was a regular starter for the club until his transfer to Grêmio in July 1987.[19]
While at Grêmio, Cuca scored the decisive goal of the 1989 Copa do Brasil Final against Sport Recife.[20] He moved abroad for the first time in his career in August 1990, spending six months at La Liga side Real Valladolid.[21]
Upon returning to Brazil, Cuca joined Grêmio's fierce rivals Internacional on loan.[22] After struggling with injuries, he featured regularly for Palmeiras[23] and Santos.[24]
Cuca was signed by Portuguesa ahead of the 1994 season on loan,[25] but failed to impress.[26] He subsequently represented Remo, Juventude and Chapecoense, retiring with the latter in 1996 at the age of 33.
International
Cuca played one game for the Brazilian national team on 27 February 1991, against Paraguay, at Morenão, Campo Grande.[27]
Coaching career
Early career
Shortly after retiring, Cuca started coaching Uberlândia in 1998.[28] In the following year, he led Avaí to the final of the Campeonato Catarinense, but lost to Figueirense.[29]
Cuca began the 2000 season in charge of Internacional de Limeira, before returning to Avaí in February. Replaced by Roberto Cavalo shortly after, and led Internacional de Lages to a fifth place in the 2001 Catarinense.
On 23 August 2001, Cuca returned to a club he represented as a player, Remo.[30] After leaving the club in October, he immediately took over Criciúma,[31] but only remained in charge of the side until May 2002.
On 16 May 2002, Cuca was named in charge of Gama. Despite only losing one match (to eventual Campeonato Brasiliense champions CFZ de Brasília), he left in July after discovering the club was looking for a new head coach for the Série A.[32]
On 1 March 2003, Cuca was appointed Paraná head coach.[33] He led the club to a good start in the 2003 Série A, winning three of the club's first six matches in the competition.
Goiás
On 26 May 2003, Cuca was appointed head coach of Goiás also in the top tier.[34] He gained notoriety with the club after taking them in the last position and avoiding relegation by finishing ninth.[35]
São Paulo
On 17 December 2003, Cuca was appointed head coach of São Paulo in the place of Roberto Rojas.[36] He was dismissed the following 2 September, after being knocked out of the year's Copa Libertadores in the semifinals by Once Caldas and dropping to the seventh place in the league.[37]
Despite being unable to repeat the same success achieved at Goiás, Cuca is often credited for helping to assemble a part of the squad which later won the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup, being the one to suggest the signings of Fabão, Danilo and Grafite, players who worked with him at Goiás and subsequently became regular starters at the Tricolor.[38]
Grêmio
Eight days after leaving São Paulo, Cuca was named head coach of Grêmio, a club he notably represented as a player.[39] He resigned from the club on 27 October, after three wins in 11 matches;[40] his successor Cláudio Duarte was unable to avoid the club's first-ever relegation.[41]
Flamengo
On 3 February 2005, Cuca replaced Júlio César Leal at the helm of Flamengo,[42] He was dismissed on 15 April, after a 2–0 Copa do Brasil loss to Ceará and a 4–1 loss to Fluminense in the Taça Rio final.[43]
Coritiba
On 6 May 2005, Cuca returned to his hometown and was appointed Coritiba head coach.[44] He was sacked on 12 October, after three consecutive losses.[45]
São Caetano
On 9 November 2005, Cuca appointed in charge of São Caetano, also in the first division.[46] Despite losing his first match, he did not lose any of the remaining four matches of the year and managed to avoid relegation, but was still sacked on 13 December.[47]
Botafogo
On 22 May 2006, Cuca was presented as the new Botafogo head coach.[48] He resigned on 28 September 2007,[49] but returned to the role on 7 October after the departure of Mário Sérgio.[50]
Cuca resigned for a second time on 29 May 2008, after being eliminated from the 2008 Copa do Brasil on penalties.[51]
Santos
On 2 June 2008, Cuca was appointed head coach of another club he represented as a player, Santos.[52] He made his debut in charge of the club in a 1–0 away loss to Vitória six days later, and only won his first match in charge on 20 July, a 1–0 win over Sport Recife eight rounds later;[53] in the previous round, after a loss to Figueirense, he initially resigned, but was later convinced to remain in the role.[54]
Cuca had his resignation accepted by Peixe on 7 August 2008, after a 3–2 home loss to Atléico Mineiro which left the club seriously threatened with relegation.[55]
Fluminense
Four days after leaving Santos, Cuca was confirmed as head coach of Fluminense, replacing Renato Gaúcho.[56] He won his first two matches in charge, but later went on to enter a seven-winless run (which included a 2–1 to former side Santos) which led to his dismissal on 2 October 2008.[57]
Flamengo return
On 12 December 2008, Cuca returned to Flamengo after being named head coach for the ensuing campaign.[58] He won the 2009 Campeonato Carioca – his first title as head coach – by defeating Botafogo on penalties,[59] but was relieved from his duties the following 23 July.[60]
Fluminense return
Cuca returned to Flu on 1 September 2009, again in the place of Renato Gaúcho.[61] Under a mathematical threat of relegation of 99%, he led the side to a run of 11 matches unbeaten in the league, which included six consecutive wins, and avoided relegation in the last round;[62] the club also reached the 2009 Copa Sudamericana finals, but lost to LDU Quito.
On 19 April 2010, after being knocked out in the semifinals of the 2010 Campeonato Carioca, Cuca was sacked from Fluminense.[63]
Cruzeiro
On 8 June 2010, Cuca was named head coach of Cruzeiro.[64] He led the club to a second place in the league, two points shy of champions and former club Fluminense.
Cuca also won the 2011 Campeonato Mineiro with the club, defeating rivals Atlético Mineiro 3–2 on aggregate.[65] On 19 June of that year, however, after a run of five winless matches, he left and was replaced by Joel Santana.[66]
Atlético Mineiro
On 8 August 2011, Cuca was announced as new head coach of Cruzeiro's rivals Atlético Mineiro, replacing Dorival Júnior.[67] He won the 2012 Campeonato Mineiro and also lifted the 2013 Copa Libertadores, the club's first-ever continental title.[68]
On 18 December 2013, after a 3–1 defeat to Raja Casablanca in the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup semifinals, Cuca was dismissed.[69]
Shandong Luneng
On 21 December 2013, just three days after being sacked by Galo, Cuca was appointed at the helm of Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng.[70] He announced his departure from the club on 6 December 2015, after winning the Chinese FA Cup and the Chinese FA Super Cup.[71]
Palmeiras
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On 14 March 2016, Cuca replaced Marcelo Oliveira at the helm of high-spending Palmeiras.[72] He led the club to a Série A title after 22 years, but opted to resign on 30 November, alleging "personal reasons".[73]
Cuca returned to Verdão on 5 May 2017, replacing fired Eduardo Baptista and signing a contract until the end of 2018.[74] On 13 October, he was himself dismissed, with his assistant Alberto Valentim taking his place.[75]
Santos return
On 30 July 2018, Cuca was appointed head coach of Santos for the second time.[76] He took the club out of the relegation zone, but left after finishing in a disappointing tenth position due to a health problem.[77]
São Paulo return
On 14 February 2019, Cuca agreed to a two-year contract with São Paulo, effective as of 15 April due to his heart condition.[78] He resigned on 26 September, and was replaced by then coordinator Vagner Mancini.[79]
Third spell at Santos
Cuca returned to Santos for a third spell on 7 August 2020.[80] He led the club to the final of the 2020 Copa Libertadores, despite being under severe financial issues (also dealing with a transfer ban),[81] but lost the title to rivals Palmeiras, being sent off late in the game.[82]
On 3 February 2021, Cuca announced his departure from Santos at the end of the season when his contract expired, alleging 'mental exhaustion'.[83] His departure was officially announced by the club on 21 February, after qualifying the club to the 2021 Libertadores.[84]
Atlético Mineiro return
2021
On 5 March 2021, Cuca agreed to a two-year deal with Atlético Mineiro, returning to the club after seven years.[85] He led the side to one of the most successful seasons in their history, winning the domestic treble and ending a 50-year streak since their last Campeonato Brasileiro title.[86] He also equaled Levir Culpi's record as Atlético's most decorated head coach, with six titles.
On 28 December 2021, Cuca departed Galo for personal reasons.[87]
2022
On 23 July 2022, Cuca returned to Atlético, signing a four-month contract.[88] He left on a mutual agreement on 14 November, after only 21 matches.[89]
Corinthians
On 20 April 2023, Cuca was announced as the new head coach of Corinthians, with a contract until the end of the year.[90] Seven days later, however, he resigned from the role,[91] citing personal reasons related to his sexual assault arrest in Switzerland in 1987. His hiring was almost immediately criticized by pundits, fans, and even the Corinthians women's team, citing the 1987 incident as inadmissible behavior by any member of the club.[92]
Athletico Paranaense
On 4 March 2024, Cuca was announced as head coach of Athletico Paranaense.[93] He asked to leave the club on 23 June, and his resignation was accepted by the board the following day.[94]
Fourth spell at Atlético Mineiro
On 29 December 2024, Cuca returned to Galo for his fourth spell as a coach.[95] He won the 2025 Campeonato Mineiro, reaching five titles in the tournament, but was sacked on 29 August of that year.[96]
Fourth spell at Santos
On 19 March 2026, Santos announced the return of Cuca as a head coach on a contract until the end of the year; it was his fourth spell in charge of the club.[97]
Career statistics
Club
| Club | Season | League | State League | Cup | Continental | Other | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Santa Cruz-RS | 1984 | Gaúcho | — | 24 | 4 | — | — | — | 24 | 4 | ||||
| 1985 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | 18[a] | 4 | 18 | 4 | |||||
| Total | — | 24 | 4 | — | — | 18 | 4 | 42 | 8 | |||||
| Juventude | 1985 | Gaúcho | — | 22 | 2 | — | — | 1[b] | 0 | 23 | 2 | |||
| 1986 | Série B | 7 | 0 | 25 | 5 | — | — | — | 32 | 5 | ||||
| 1987 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 15 | — | — | — | 38 | 15 | |||||
| Total | 7 | 0 | 85 | 22 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 93 | 22 | ||||
| Grêmio | 1987 | Série A | 13 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 7 | ||||
| 1988 | 22 | 8 | 25 | 11 | — | — | 4[c] | 1 | 51 | 20 | ||||
| 1989 | 13 | 4 | 24 | 7 | 9 | 6 | — | 5[c] | 2 | 51 | 19 | |||
| 1990 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 6[d] | 1 | — | 33 | 16 | |||
| Total | 48 | 19 | 74 | 32 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 148 | 62 | ||
| Valladolid | 1990–91[98] | La Liga | 12 | 4 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 14 | 5 | |||
| Internacional | 1991 | Série A | 13 | 3 | 21 | 5 | — | — | — | 34 | 8 | |||
| Grêmio | 1992 | Série B | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 2 | ||||
| Palmeiras | 1992[99] | Série A | 0 | 0 | 18 | 5 | 6 | 2 | — | — | 24 | 7 | ||
| Santos | 1993[100] | Série A | 9 | 2 | 29 | 9 | — | — | 3[e] | 0 | 41 | 11 | ||
| Portuguesa | 1994[26] | Série A | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 | — | — | — | 13 | 2 | |||
| Remo | 1994 | Série A | 13 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 2 | ||||
| Juventude | 1995 | Série A | 14 | 1 | 23 | 8 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 41 | 9 | ||
| Career total | 125 | 33 | 287 | 82 | 23 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 31 | 7 | 472 | 133 | ||
- 17 appearances and four goals in Copa ACEG, one appearance in Copa Bento Gonçalves
- Appearance(s) in Copa Bento Gonçalves
- Appearance(s) in Supercopa Libertadores
- Appearance(s) in Copa Libertadores
- Appearance(s) in Torneio Rio – São Paulo
International
| Brazil | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1991 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 0 |
Coaching statistics
- As of 21 September 2026
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Ref | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | |||||
| Uberlândia |  |
January 1998 | June 1998 | 22 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 39 | 25 | +14 | 36.36 | [citation needed] |
| Inter de Limeira | |
January 2000 | February 2000 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 13 | −5 | 20.00 | [102] |
| Inter de Lages | |
March 2001 | May 2001 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 13 | 17 | −4 | 25.00 | [citation needed] |
| Remo | |
23 August 2001 | 22 October 2001 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 19 | 23 | −4 | 40.00 | [citation needed] |
| Criciúma | |
October 2001 | May 2002 | 30 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 48 | 44 | +4 | 43.33 | [103] |
| Gama | |
16 May 2002 | 4 July 2002 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 11 | +6 | 50.00 | [citation needed] |
| Paraná | |
1 March 2003 | 26 May 2003 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 13 | +3 | 40.00 | [104] |
| Goiás | |
26 May 2003 | 17 December 2003 | 37 | 17 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 23 | −4 | 45.95 | [105] |
| São Paulo | |
17 December 2003 | 2 September 2004 | 51 | 30 | 8 | 13 | 81 | 49 | +32 | 58.82 | [104] |
| Grêmio | |
10 September 2004 | 28 October 2004 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 19 | −8 | 27.27 | [106] |
| Flamengo | |
3 February 2005 | 15 April 2005 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 20 | 17 | +3 | 41.67 | [104] |
| Coritiba | |
6 May 2005 | 12 October 2005 | 28 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 35 | 39 | −4 | 32.14 | [104] |
| São Caetano | |
9 November 2005 | 12 December 2005 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | +1 | 40.00 | [104] |
| Botafogo | |
22 May 2006 | 28 September 2007 | 91 | 40 | 30 | 21 | 166 | 125 | +41 | 43.96 | [49] |
| Botafogo | |
7 October 2007 | 29 May 2008 | 42 | 26 | 8 | 8 | 90 | 42 | +48 | 61.90 | [104] |
| Santos | |
2 June 2008 | 7 August 2008 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 16 | 25 | −9 | 21.43 | [107] |
| Fluminense | |
11 August 2008 | 2 October 2008 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 11 | +1 | 22.22 | [104] |
| Flamengo | |
12 December 2008 | 23 July 2009 | 39 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 67 | 45 | +22 | 48.72 | [104] |
| Fluminense | |
1 September 2009 | 19 April 2010 | 44 | 27 | 11 | 6 | 88 | 50 | +38 | 61.36 | [104] |
| Cruzeiro | |
8 June 2010 | 19 June 2011 | 60 | 37 | 11 | 12 | 119 | 52 | +67 | 61.67 | [citation needed] |
| Atlético Mineiro | |
8 August 2011 | 18 December 2013 | 153 | 80 | 34 | 39 | 264 | 167 | +97 | 52.29 | [citation needed] |
| Shandong Luneng |  |
21 December 2013 | 6 December 2015 | 85 | 40 | 23 | 22 | 160 | 110 | +50 | 47.06 | [citation needed] |
| Palmeiras | |
14 March 2016 | 30 November 2016 | 53 | 30 | 11 | 12 | 87 | 51 | +36 | 56.60 | [108] |
| Palmeiras | |
5 May 2017 | 13 October 2017 | 34 | 16 | 7 | 11 | 48 | 37 | +11 | 47.06 | [109] |
| Santos | |
30 July 2018 | 2 December 2018 | 26 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 32 | 23 | +9 | 38.46 | [107] |
| São Paulo | |
15 April 2019 | 26 September 2019 | 26 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 24 | 19 | +5 | 34.62 | [78] |
| Santos | |
7 August 2020 | 21 February 2021 | 44 | 18 | 14 | 12 | 63 | 54 | +9 | 40.91 | [84] |
| Atlético Mineiro | |
5 March 2021 | 28 December 2021 | 71 | 48 | 14 | 9 | 124 | 50 | +74 | 67.61 | [citation needed] |
| Atlético Mineiro | |
25 July 2022 | 14 November 2022 | 21 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 20 | 19 | +1 | 33.33 | [89] |
| Corinthians | |
20 April 2023 | 27 April 2023 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | +0 | 50.00 | [citation needed] |
| Athletico Paranaense | |
4 March 2024 | 24 June 2024 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 46 | 16 | +30 | 60.87 | [citation needed] |
| Atlético Mineiro | |
29 December 2024 | 29 August 2025 | 45 | 22 | 11 | 12 | 64 | 39 | +25 | 48.89 | [citation needed] |
| Santos | |
19 March 2026 | present | 37 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 54 | 41 | +13 | 43.24 | |
| Total | 1,167 | 571 | 304 | 292 | 1,881 | 1,279 | +602 | 48.93 | — | |||
Honours
Player
- Grêmio
- Copa do Brasil: 1989
- Campeonato Gaúcho: 1989, 1990
- Internacional
- Campeonato Gaúcho: 1991
- Chapecoense
- Campeonato Catarinense: 1996
Coach
- Flamengo
- Cruzeiro
- Atlético Mineiro
- Campeonato Mineiro: 2012, 2013, 2021, 2025
- Copa Libertadores: 2013
- Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2021
- Copa do Brasil: 2021
- Shandong Luneng
- Palmeiras
- Athletico Paranaense
- Campeonato Paranaense: 2024
Individual
- Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Coach of the Year: 2016, 2021
- Bola de Prata Best Coach: 2016, 2021
- Campeonato Mineiro Coach of the Year: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2021, 2025
