Archostemata

The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting of 50 living species in five families and over 200 described fossil species.^[1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis. Modern archostematan beetles are considered rare, but were more diverse during the Mesozoic.

Phylum:Arthropoda

Clade:Pancrustacea

Class:Insecta

Order:Coleoptera

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Archostemata Temporal range: Late Permian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Tenomerga mucida
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Clade:	Pancrustacea
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Archostemata Kolbe, 1908
Families
Crowsoniellidae Cupedidae Jurodidae Micromalthidae Ommatidae Catiniidae †

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The term "Archostemata" is used more broadly by some authors to include both modern archostematans as well as stem-group beetles like "protocoleopterans", which some modern archostematans closely resemble due to their plesiomorphic morphology.^[2] Genetic research suggests that modern archostematans are a monophyletic group. Some genetic studies have recovered archostematans as the sister group of Myxophaga.^[3] Archostemata have an external prothoracic pleuron, a character also found in Myxophaga and Adephaga. The apex of the wing is spirally rolled as in Myxophaga. The adults have movable hind coxae.^[4]

A 2009 paper argued that the poor diversity of modern Archostemata, compared with the staggering evolutionary success of most other Coleoptera lineages, could be due to the lower efficiency of the thoracic locomotor apparatus, the absence of cryptonephric Malpighian tubules, and competition with other beetles more adapted to angiosperms.^[5]