Bulungan language
Austronesian language of Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Bulungan language, also known as Bolongan and Bulongan (both are archaic), is an Austronesian language spoken in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The language was the court language of the Bulungan Sultanate. The classification of this language is not clear. Glottolog places it in the Sabahan group.[2][3]
| Bulungan | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | North Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Bulungan |
Native speakers | 30,000 (2002)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | blj |
| Glottolog | bolo1268 |
Geographic distribution
The Bulungan language is predominantly spoken in eight villages in Bulungan Regency, namely:[4]
- Tanjung Palas: Antutan, Tanjung Palas Ulu, Tanjung Palas Tengah, Tanjung Palas Ilir
- West Tanjung Palas: Mara Ilir
- East Tanjung Palas: Mangkupadi
- Peso: Long Bia
- Sekatak: Sekatak Puji
Phonology
Consonants
Consonants /f/, /z/, and /h/ are restricted to loan words, and the first two could be respectively substituted with [p] and [s]. The last of three, however, has been dropped during the course of its history (atay ('liver') vs. Indonesian hati).[6] The phoneme /k/ does not exist in the final position, and instead replaced by a glottal stop (/ʔ/), as in sigoq ('happy').[7]
Vowels
There are three diphthongs in Bulungan, all of them only occur word-finally, namely /aj/, /aw/, and /uj/.[9]
Stress
Words are stressed on the penultimate syllable, regardless of its structure: mendus 'to bath', mendusna 'go bath now!'.[10]
.jpg){kind=small}