Buphedrone
Stimulant drug and research chemical
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Buphedrone, also known as β-keto-N-methylphenylisobutylamine, is a stimulant of the phenethylamine and cathinone chemical classes that was first synthesized in 1928.[1] It is a synthetic analogue of cathinone, a stimulant naturally occurring in the khat plant. Like many other synthetic cathinones (e.g. mephedrone), it is also found in so called "legal highs" (sometimes also called "bath salts"), a class of designer drugs used to bypass legal restrictions.[2]
administrationVaporization, insufflation, Intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, orally, rectal, buccal
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| Trade names | Buphedrone |
| Other names | 2-(Methylamino)butanophenone; α-Methylaminobutyrophenone; MABP; NM-BP; PAL-429; PAL429; β-Keto-N-methylphenylisobutylamine; α-Ethyl-β-keto-N-methylphenethylamine; β-Keto-N-methyl-α-ethylphenethylamine; β-Keto-α-ethyl-N-methylphenethylamine |
| Routes of administration | Vaporization, insufflation, Intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, orally, rectal, buccal |
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| Excretion | Urine |
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| Formula | C11H15NO |
| Molar mass | 177.247 g·mol−1 |
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Pharmacology
Buphedrone is a substituted cathinone, and more broadly related, a substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine and, as such, operates as a norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent, similar to many of the drugs in its chemical class(es). It mediates this action by reversing the VMAT2, causing an efflux of the monoamines; dopamine, norepinephrine, and, to a lesser extent, serotonin.
Chemistry
Buphedrone is a β-ketone and is related to the naturally occurring compounds cathinone and cathine. It is also related to methamphetamine, differing by the β-ketone substituent (at the β-carbon) and an ethyl group replacing the methyl group at the carbon at the α-position relative to the amine. Another name for buphedrone is phenylacetoethyl-methylamine.
Buphedrone as free base is very unstable; it is prone to dimerization like other α-amino ketones. Because of this, it is sold as various salts, with a hydrochloride being most common.
Effects
Buphedrone increases spontaneous rodent locomotor activity,[3] potentiates the release of dopamine from dopaminergic nerve terminals in the brain,[4] and causes appetite suppression. It also causes a possibly dangerous effect of decreasing subjective feeling of thirst. Though the specific effects and toxicity of buphedrone are not well studied,[5] in general it is expected to have overlapping effects with other synthetic cathinones.[6]
Legal status
As of October 2015, buphedrone is a controlled substance in China.[7]
Buphedrone is an Anlage II controlled drug in Germany.
In the United States, buphedrone is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as a positional isomer of mephedrone.[8]