Crowns of Egypt
Any of various headdresses worn in Pharaonic Egypt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Egyptian civilization used a number of different crowns throughout its existence. Some were used to show authority, while others were used for religious ceremonies. Each crown was worn by different Pharaohs or deities, and each crown had its own significance and symbolic meaning. In early Egypt, one significant and important characteristic of the many crowns was the color white. The color symbolized kingship or nisut in the early periods and Upper Egypt. The color blue was also an important color from the 18th Dynasty on.[1] The crowns include the Atef, the Deshret, the Hedjet, the Khepresh, the Pschent, and the Hemhem.
List of crowns of Egypt
| Image | Name | Components | Worn by | In art |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Atef | Hedjet with ostrich feathers and sometimes Uraeus and ram horns | Osiris and some other gods. | |
 | Cap crown | Skullcap, band, streamers and Uraeus | Nobility and Pharaohs, typically |  The Wilbour Plaque,c. 1352–1336 B.C.E., Brooklyn Museum 16.48, probably depicting Akhenaten and Nefertiti. On the left, the Pharaoh wears the Khat headdress, and on the right, the queen wears the Cap crown. |
 | Deshret (Red crown) | Uraeus | Pharaohs of Lower Egypt and the desert Red Land; the deities Horus, Wadjet and Neith | |
 | Hedjet (White crown) | Vulture | Pharaohs of Upper Egypt; the deities Horus and Nekhbet | |
 | Hemhem crown | Hedjet, Uraeus and ram horns | Non-Egyptian rulers, certain gods |  A winged figure in Elamite robes, likely Cyrus the Great wearing a Hemhem crown |
 | Khat | Bands and Uraeus | Nobility and Pharaohs, typically | The Wilbour Plaque, c. 1352–1336 B.C.E., Brooklyn Museum 16.48, probably depicting Akhenaten and Nefertiti. On the left, the Pharaoh wears the Khat headdress, and on the right, the queen wears the Cap crown. |
 | Khepresh (Blue crown or War crown) | Uraeus | New Kingdom Pharaohs in battle and ceremonies | |
 | Nemes | lappets, band and Uraeus | Pharaohs, typically |  Amenhotep II wearing a Nemes, KV35, Valley of the Kings, c. 1427–1401 B.C.E. |
 | Pschent, Greek ψχεντ, Egyptian sḫm.tỉ, sekhemti (Double crown) | Deshret and Hedjet; Uraeus and Vulture | Pharaohs, and Horus | |
 | Shuti crown | ram horns, feathers and Uraeus | Egyptian gods, typically |  Seti I perform rituals before the god Amun who is wearing the Shuti crown. From the Temple of Seti I at Abydos. |
 | Vulture crown | Vulture | Egyptian queens, typically |  Tomb wall depicting Queen Nefertari, the great royal wife of Pharaoh Rameses II |
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Cap crown
Attested as early as the Old Kingdom, the Cap crown is most commonly associated with the Dynasty 25 Kushite Pharaohs, who are frequently depicted wearing the crown with two uraei.[2] In that era, the crown was referred to as a sdn.[3] The remnants of what appears to be a Cap crown (JE 62699) were found on the mummy of Tutankhamun.[4] Tutankhamun's crown consisted of a band of gold wrapped around the Pharaoh's temples that secured a linen skullcap, which had mostly decayed by the time of the tomb's excavation. The gold band was itself kept in place by a ribbon tied into a bow at the back of the head. Still remaining and mounted on the skullcap are four uraei made of gold beads and red and blue glass beads. In the center of each Uraeus is a gold cartouche containing the name of the Aten. The skullcap portion of the crown resembles, and was likely associated with, the skullcap worn by the deity Ptah.
