Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
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Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (CVT) is an autophagy-related pathway which occurs in fungi and specifically yeasts.[1] This is a mechanism occurs under starvation conditions and moves molecules from the cytoplasm to vacuoles.[2] This pathway is a production of complex molecules resulting in the digestion of cytoplasm components. Cell cytoplasm and vacuoles play key roles in this pathway and are primarily responsible for its function.
The acronym CVT stands for Cytoplasm Vacuole Targeting. This pathway consists of components from the cytoplasm which are targeted for transport to cell vacuoles and digested.
The CVT pathway targets the enzymes alpha-mannosidase and aminopeptidase I (Ape I).[3] These hydrolases are present within the cytoplasm of cells, hence why they are selected and targeted for vacuole delivery and digestion.
During this process cells digest components of their own cytoplasm. This is done with through the use of enzymes, specifically hydrolases.[3] These are enzymes specifically designated for catalyzing molecule breakdown through the addition of water.[4] Under vegetative conditions it delivers the hydrolase aminopeptidase 1 (Ape1), to the vacuole. Hydrolases are a class of enzymes which serve as catalysts for biochemical reactions; speeding up reaction rates. The main function of Hydrolases is to break down nutrients into smaller components to be easily digested, through the use of water to break bonds.[4]
These components make the CVT pathway the only known biosynthetic pathway to utilize the machinery of autophagy for operation.
