Draft:Amplla
Non-cylindrical pressure vessel design for portable fire extinguishers
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A flat toroidal fire extinguisher is a type of portable fire extinguisher that uses a ring-shaped (toroidal) pressure vessel instead of the traditional cylindrical design. The form factor was developed in the late 2010s to address spatial constraints and aesthetic integration in residential and commercial interiors.
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Submission declined on 24 February 2026 by Nighfidelity (talk).
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Comment: Still promotional. Nighfidelity (talk) 19:19, 24 February 2026 (UTC)
Development
Portable fire extinguishers have used cylindrical pressure vessels since their development in the 19th century.[1] The cylindrical form provides structural efficiency for containing pressurized agents but occupies significant wall projection depth, typically 150-200 mm for standard 4-6 kg units.
In 2017, Czech architect Přemysl Kokeš began development of a non-cylindrical design following his experience with a building fire.[2] Working with architect Zuzana Ambrožová and designer David Rosinai, the team developed a flat pressure vessel using a toroidal geometry.[3] The design was manufactured by Czech company Amplla, which was established in 2019 for this purpose.[4]
The first toroidal extinguisher received European EN 3-7 certification in 2019,[5] marking the first certified non-cylindrical pressure vessel design for portable fire extinguishers in Europe.
Technical design
Pressure vessel geometry
The toroidal pressure vessel forms a ring approximately 620 mm in diameter with a wall projection depth of 80-90 mm,[5][2] representing approximately 50% reduction in depth compared to standard cylindrical units. The vessel is constructed from steel and operates at 15 bar working pressure using nitrogen as propellant.[5]
The geometry distributes hoop stress around the ring structure. Standard pressure vessel design principles for toroidal geometries require increased wall thickness compared to cylindrical vessels of equivalent pressure rating due to the compound curvature.[6] The Amplla design addresses this through material selection and wall thickness optimization while maintaining compliance with the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED).[5]
Extinguishing agent
The units contain ABC dry powder (monoammonium phosphate) extinguishing agent.[5] Two variants are manufactured:
- P21 model: 4 kg agent capacity, fire rating 21A 113B C
- P34 model: 6 kg agent capacity, fire rating 34A 183B C
Both variants use the same external dimensions, with the P34 model incorporating higher agent density within the toroidal volume.
Operational mechanism
The design incorporates a carrying strap that allows the unit to be worn on the forearm during deployment.[2] The discharge mechanism, valve assembly, and safety components are housed within the toroidal volume and protected by the external structure, preventing unauthorized manipulation.[5]
One design variant (marketed as "The SafeMaker") includes an external removable cover that can be customized with different surface finishes.[7][3] This cover provides additional protection for the valve assembly and allows aesthetic integration into interior spaces.
Certification and standards
The toroidal design is certified under:
- EN 3-7 (European standard for portable fire extinguishers)
- Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU
Certification testing verified the pressure vessel integrity, discharge performance, and fire suppression effectiveness equivalent to cylindrical units of comparable agent capacity.[5]
The design operates within the same temperature range as standard extinguishers (−30 °C to +60 °C) and maintains equivalent electrical safety ratings (suitable for electrical equipment up to 1000 V at minimum 1 m distance).[5]
Applications
The reduced projection depth allows installation in narrow corridors, residential hallways, and architectural spaces where standard cylindrical extinguishers would protrude excessively or require recessed mounting.[2] The design has been adopted primarily in commercial and residential buildings where visible fire safety equipment integration is specified.[3]
The units are manufactured in Hlinsko, Czech Republic, and have been installed in European commercial properties and residential developments.[4][8]
Recognition
The toroidal fire extinguisher design received recognition in industrial design competitions:
- iF Design Award Gold (2022)[9]
- Red Dot Design Award Product Design (2022)[10]
- Czech Grand Design Manufacturer of the Year (2022)[11]
The design was exhibited at Expo 2020 in Dubai as part of the Czech national pavilion.[4][8]
Analysis and reception
Design publication Core77 noted the departure from traditional cylindrical geometry but questioned the ergonomic advantages and expressed concern about recognizability during emergency situations: "In a real emergency someone may run right past this not realizing what it is."[2] The publication also noted that the one-handed operation mechanism is configured only for left-hand use, limiting accessibility for users with right-hand dominance or left-side mobility limitations.[2]
The design has been covered in industrial design media including Designboom[7] and Global Design News,[5] which focused primarily on the aesthetic aspects rather than technical fire suppression performance.
No independent comparative testing data has been published comparing the fire suppression effectiveness, agent discharge characteristics, or long-term reliability of the toroidal design against standard cylindrical units of equivalent agent capacity and fire rating.
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