Draft:Soviet Border Guard in Estonia
Military unit
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The Soviet Border Troops operated extensively in Estonia during the Soviet occupation of Estonia, both in 1940-41 and 1944-91.
The preparations of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs border guard for the control of the borders of independent Estonia began already in the first days after the Soviets seized power in Estonia on June 21, 1940 (et:Juunipööre). The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR issued directive No. 00867 on the same day, June 21, 1940. Directive No. 00867 instructed the personnel of the 6th, 8th, and 10th border guard detachments, which had previously guarded the state border of the Republic of Estonia and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to move to new deployment locations on the western and northern borders of Estonia. The Estonian-USSR border was covered by the 7th (Kingisepp); the 9th (Pskov; and the 11th (Rõmshansk) border guard detachments.
The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Estonian SSR, which controlled the internal security of the Estonian SSR and ensured the security of Soviet power, was formed only after the annexation of Estonia by the USSR on August 8, 1940.
Soviet Border Guards in Estonia 1940–1941
The Headquarters of the Border Guard Troops of the NKVD Baltic District (Управление пограничных войск НКВД Прибалтийского округа, also Управление ПВ НКВД Прибалтийского округа) was established with its headquarters in Tallinn (Pärnu maantee 27). It was formed by the decision of the Communist Party Politburo of August 14, 1940, together with other (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and Black Sea) new border guard districts.[1]
- Leaders
- Major General Konstantin Rakutin (1902–1941), former Chief of Staff of the Leningrad Border Guard District.[2]
- Deputy Chief in the Political Sector and Chief of the Political Department Nikolai Potekhin
- Chief of the Government Staff for State Security Major I. Ivanov;
- The leadership of the Baltic Sea Border Guard District of the USSR NKVD in Tallinn (123)
- Border points in Tallinn, Pärnu (and Riga, Liepāja and Ventspils).
6th Border Guard Detachment
The headquarters was in Rakvere (personnel, 1,167). The commander of the border guard detachment was Colonel of State Security Andrei Yefstafievich Bulyga, Senior Politruk Pyotr Karlovich Suvalov, Chief of Staff of State Security Major Veniamin Fyodorovich Nesterov. The commanders of the commandant's offices formed in the service area of the border guard detachment (which extended from Ninamaa Cape near Tallinn and Suurupi to the village of Narvus in Leningrad Oblast) were: 1st Commandant's Office Major Sokolov (killed in battle on August 20, 1941), 2nd Commandant's Office – Captain Lavrentyev (killed in battle on September 20, 1941), 3rd Commandant's Office – Captain I. G. Bobkov, 4th Commandant's Office – Captain N. I. Chugunov.
After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, June 22, 1941, the German Army reached the Gulf of Finland in the Kunda area on August 7. The border guard detachment was cut in half and the 1st and 2nd commandments of the detachment, together with the detachment's chief of staff Nesterov, retreated to the Leningrad area. The 3rd, 4th and 5th commandments of the detachment, however, were incorporated into the 22nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD and participated in the defense of Tallinn by the Soviet troops in 1941.
8th Border Guard Detachment
The detachment's headquarters was in Haapsalu (personnel composition, 1,153). The commander of the border guard detachment was Colonel of State Security Stepan Mikhailovich Bunkov (Буньков Степан Михайлович), the deputy commander of the border guard detachment for political affairs was Battalion Commissar Georgy Grigorievich Lanin (died in battle on July 13, 1941), the chief of staff of the border guard detachment was Captain Konstantin Mikhailovich Shishkov. The commanders of the commandant's offices formed in the service area of the border guard detachment (which included the Baltic Sea coast): Commandant's Office No. 2, Major Smirnov (died in battle on July 13, 1941); Commandant's Office No. 3, Senior Lieutenant Vostrikov; Commandant's Office No. 4, Captain Sharapov; Commandant's Office No. 5, Captain Rukavishnikov.
After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa on June 22, 1941, the border guard detachment was ordered to divide into two. The 1st and 2nd cordons, together with the detachment commander Stepan Bunkov, were merged into the 22nd Motor Rifle Division of the NKVD and participated in July 1941 in Lääne County on the Palivere-Risti-Ellamaa line and in the Defense of Tallinn by Soviet troops. However, the members of the 3rd, 4th and 5th commandant's offices of the detachment retreated to the Leningrad region.
10th Border Guard Detachment
The detachment's leadership, headquarters and political department were located in Kuressaare (personnel, 1179). The commander of the border guard detachment was Major of State Security Sergei Mikhailovich Skorodumov, the deputy commander of the border guard detachment for political affairs was Battalion Commissar Zakhhar Fyodorovich Braslavets (Браславец Захар Федорович), the chief of staff of the border guard detachment was Major of State Security Ivan Khrisanovich Kochergin (Кочергин Иван Хрисанович). The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Commandant's Offices were formed in the detachment's service area, which included the islands of the Baltic Sea, the West Estonian Archipelago, Saaremaa, and Hiiumaa.
The 3rd, 4th and 5th Commandant's Office were located on Saaremaa and within them on Saaremaa, cordons No. 16–31.
2nd Baltic Sea Border Guard Ship Detachment
The detachment's headquarters was in Tallinn (personnel 1474), detachment commander: Captain of the State Security 2nd Rank Aleksandr Perfilov, Military Commissar G. Semlyakov, Chief of Staff Captain of the State Security 3rd Rank B. Chirkov. The detachment consisted of four divisions:
- 1st Division was located in Tallinn, commander Senior Lieutenant of the State Security J. Reznichenko;
- 2nd Division was located in Liepāja, commander Captain Lieutenant of the State Security A. Finochko;
- 3rd Division was located in Narva-Jõesuu, commander Captain Lieutenant of the State Security M. Turkov;
- 4th Division in Liepāja.
11th Flight Squadron
The squadron's headquarters was located in Kuressaare (260 personnel). The squadron's aircraft were based at airfields on Saaremaa (Kuressaare Airport) and Hiiumaa (Kihelkonna seaplane base) and carried out sea border patrol from Naissaar to the Lithuanian city of Palanga. Squadron commander: Major of State Security N. Petrov, deputy for the political department Senior Political Officer N. Samohhin. The squadron consisted of 9 bombers SB and 3 close-in reconnaissance aircraft MBR-2.
- regional school for training junior personnel in Tallinn (495)[3]
In addition to them, the Baltic Sea District also included the 12th Border Guard Detachment (1190) located in Liepāja and the 99th Separate Coast Guard Detachment on Hanko Peninsula (690)[4] and a separate border guard ship division.
The forces of the Baltic Border Guard District also included the 3rd Regiment of the 22nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD, which guarded Soviet and communist institutions in Tallinn.
Since the Soviet border guard units stationed in Estonia did not participate in the Soviet–German War against German forces during the outbreak of World War II, they joined other NKVD units, participating in battles with the local resistance movement and later, after the retreat to Tallinn, in the defense of Tallinn against German forces.
1944–1949
| Baltic Border Guard District Прибалтийский пограничный округ | |
|---|---|
| Active | 22 November 1944 – 9 May 1945 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | border guard troops |
| Role | Guarding the Soviet border |
| Part of | Main Directorate of the Border Guard |
The first border guard units arrived in Saaremaa at the turn of 1944 and 1945, but a unified border guard system had not yet been established. The task of guarding the state border of the USSR was restored and was carried out by special infantry units. The situation changed in the autumn of 1946, when the Council of Ministers of the Estonian SSR adopted Decree No. 58 of 26 October on the guarding of the border.
The border zone included all the islands in the Gulf of Finland and in the Gulf of Riga and the coastal areas of mainland Estonia. The procedure for living and moving in the border zone was also defined. In the coastal zone, movement was only possible with a passport issued by the militia bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Estonian SSR, which had a mark from the local border guard and was stamped with a special seal. Local authorities were obliged to set up border zone markings on the beaches in cooperation with the border guard. People were forbidden to take temporary residents into their apartments, etc. Fishermen had to register all their vessels, and the order established in the ports provided for permanent guarding and fencing of the territory. Boats were locked and oars had to be kept in a separate storage room.
| Baltic Border Guard District Прибалтийский пограничный округ | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1946–1949 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Soviet Border Troops |
| Role | Guarding the Soviet border |
| Part of | Ministry of the Interior of the USSR |
Since the beginning of November 1944, the headquarters of the Baltic Border Guard Troops of the Soviet People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was located in Tallinn at Pärnu mnt. 27. By the end of 1944, the formation of the district was almost completed. Its task was to protect the sea border within occupied Estonia and Latvia. Major General Stepan Bannõhh was appointed commander, Colonel I. Krotov was appointed head of the political department. The district's headquarters was located in Tallinn until the early 1950s.
At the end of 1944, the Baltic Fleet transferred ships to the district (some of which had been used for border guarding even before the war), on the basis of which border guard naval units were formed.
In 1945, the following military units of the Baltic District Border Guard Forces of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs were located in Estonia:
- 99th Border Guard Detachment (Military Unit Number (v/ch) 2345) with headquarters in Rakvere since the end of 1944. In 1945, the detachment had 6 commandant's offices and about 30 cordons from Lebyazhye (Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov District) to Kolga-Aablan. The 3rd commandant's office was located in Narva-Jõesuu, the 4th in Aseri, the 5th in Võsu and the 6th in Hara.
- 11th Border Guard Detachment (v/ch 2133) with headquarters in Kuressaare (Kingissepa), was in Saaremaa at least from the beginning of January 1945. Cordons (about 30) were located from Vormsi to Sõrve in 1945. In the 1940s–1950s, the 1st commandant's office was in Vormsi, the 2nd in Kärdla, the 3rd in Putkaste (Hiiumaa), the 4th–6th in Saaremaa.
- 106th Border Guard Detachment (v/ch 2198) with headquarters in Tallinn. The detachment included the Tallinn sea control and passage point. In 1945, the cordons (about 30) were located from Tsitre to Noarootsi.
- 7th (Baltic) Independent Border Guard Ship Division (v/ch 2243) in Tallinn.
- (Baltic) single border guard ship division (v/ch 2244) in Haapsalu.
Border guard sites in Estonia 1946
In 1945, the Soviet Border Guard had at least 30 plots of land at its disposal in Tallinn. Most of these objects were already in use by the border guard forces in 1940–1941, and were reoccupied immediately after the retreat of the German troops in 1944. All of the objects were allegedly handed over by local authorities with relevant decisions, regulations and acts, which mainly date from the period January–April 1945, but as a rule were actually in use by the Soviet troops and the border guard even earlier. In addition to those listed, dozens of houses and individual apartments were also in the hands of the border guard on a so-called free rent.
Military warehouse No. 30 was located in Tallinn, which was subordinate to the Military Equipment Department of the Border Guard Forces of the NKVD-MVD Baltic District.
1949–1953
| Headquarters Leningrad Border Guard District УПВ МГБ Ленинградского округа[5] | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1949–1953 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Role | Guarding the Soviet border |
| Part of | Soviet Border Guards |
From 1949–1953, the border guard troops stationed in the Estonian SSR were subordinate to the Leningrad Border Guard District of the Ministry of State Security (MGB). The 106th Border Guard Detachment at Tallinn formed part of the district.[6]
About 1954, the Border Guards were transferred from the MGB to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The district, the Leningrad Border Guard District, remained unchanged.[7]
The Leningrad Border Guard District guarded the state border from Pitkajärv in the Karelian ASSR, along the maritime border of the Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR and Lithuanian SSR, to the administrative border of the Lithuanian SSR and Kaliningrad Oblast.
1955–1975
| Red Banner Northwestern Border Guard District Краснознаменный Северо-Западный пограничный округ КГБ[8] | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1963–1 August 1998[9] |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | border guard troops |
| Role | USSR State Border guarding |
| Part of | Committee for State Security |
In 1955–1963, the border guards in the Estonian SSR were placed under the Leningrad Border Guard District of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
In 1957, a reorganization transferred the Border Guards from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, to the jurisdiction of the KGB. On April 2, 1957, the Main Directorate of the Border Guard of the Committee of State Security under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (KGB) was created, to carry out border guard functions. The border guards also included maritime units with ships.
In 1963, the Leningrad Border Guard District were merged with the Northern District Border Guards to form the Northwestern Border Guard District. The troops of the Northwestern Border Guard District guarded the state border in the territory from Arkhangelsk to the Kaliningrad Oblast. The Border Guards Administration was located in the city of Leningrad. The North-Western Border Guard District included the Estonian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, the Karelian ASSR, and a number of oblasts within Soviet Russia proper. It later became the Red Banner Northwestern Border Guard District, which remained active after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Baltic Border Guard District
On October 23, 1975, the Baltic Border Guard District was formed on the basis of the border guard forces of the Northwestern Border Guard District located in the territories of the Estonian SSR, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR and the Kaliningrad Oblast, which guarded the state border from the Polish People's Republic border, along the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland coast. The headquarters of the Border Guard District was located in Riga, Latvian SSR.
The activities of the Border Guard were based on the USSR Law "On the State Border of the USSR".
| Red Banner Baltic Border Guard District (Краснознаменный Прибалтийский пограничный округ (КППО)[10]) | |
|---|---|
| Active | October 23 1975 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Role | Guarding the USSR State Border |
| Part of | KGB Border Guards |
The Red Banner Baltic Border District of the Main Directorate of Border Guard Troops of the KGB had its headquarters (в/ч 2582) and commandant's office (в/ч 9826) in Riga. Its field forces consisted of six detachments, including the Tallinn (Таллинский ПО), Rakvere (Раквереский ПО) and Kuressaare (Кингисеппский ПО) detachments in Estonia, and in addition to them the 8th Border Guard Detachment (в/ч 2335) in Ventspils, 23rd Border Guard Detachment (в/ч 2114) in Klaipeda, and the 95th Border Guard Detachment (в/ч 2297) in Kaliningrad.
Kingsepp Border Guard Detachment
11th Border Guard Detachment (11-й Кингисеппский пограничный отрад КППО[11], в/ч 2133). Its headquarters and training center were located at Kuressaare, Tallinna tänav 19.
- Hiiumaal[12] Kärdla commandant's office (1 пограничная комендатура, Берёзовый, в/ч 2133-А).[13] Kärdla Commandant's Field Training Center was located in Paope village.[14]
- 1st Border Guard Cordon (1 ПЗ, 1 пограничная застава, в/ч 2133-Д).[15] Radar station, 2 observation towers (Sääre nina technical observation post[16]). Hiiu County (1946-50)/Hiiumaa District[17], Pühalepa rural municipality Heltermaa, Suursadama
- 2nd Border Guard Cordon (2 ПЗ "Отборный", в/ч 2133-Е). Hiiumaa, Kärdla. Until the autumn of 1976, it was subordinated to the 11th Border Guard Det., then it was resubordinated to the 106th Border Guard Det. of Tallinn. Two radar stations, 2 observation towers (Lehtma technical observation post.[18])
- 3rd Border Guard Cordon (3 ПЗ, в/ч 2133-И).[19] Hiiumaa, Lauka parish, Kõrgessaare. Two radar stations, 2 observation towers.
- 4th Border Guard Cordon (4 ПЗ, в/ч 2133-К).[20] Ojaküla, Hiiumaa. The observation tower is now located within the Hiiumaa Military Museum. The service area of the cordon included the Hirmuste technical observation post, Kõpu peninsula on Ristna cape.[21]
- 5th Border Guard Cordon (5 ПЗ, в/ч 2133-Л). 2 radar stations, 2 observation towers (Haldi technical observation post[22]). Hiiumaa, Emmaste parish Sõru Soela Strait Kuressaare commandant.
- 6th Border Guard Cordon]] (6 ПЗ Лийкюла) (58°26′51″N 21°56′08″E)[23][24], in the service area of the Corps Pammana (Pakulaiu) technical observation post, Northern Saaremaa, Liiküla, (present-day Saaremaa parish, Liiküla).
- 7th Border Guard Post (7 ПЗ). The new Tagaranna border guard post (58°32′33″N 22°12′33″E);[25][26] Ninas Border Guard Support Point (58°32′09″N 22°13′53″E).[27] After 1988, it became the Viktor Kingissepp Border Guard Cordon. In North Saaremaa, Saaremaa Parish, Ninasel.
- 8th Border Guard Post[28] (8 ПЗ Кэрузе) (58°26′51″N 21°56′08″E)[29] Radar station, 2 observation towers, Northwest Saaremaa, Saaremaa parish, Kõruse.
- 9th Kihelkonna Border Guard Post (9 ПЗ Кихельконна), West Saaremaa, Kihelkonna, (present-day Saaremaa parish, Kihelkonna)
- 10th Karala Border Guard Post (10 ПЗ Киприда)[30] Possibly designted the Austlas border guard post.[31] (58°16′53″N 21°52′47″E)[32], Lääne-Saaremaa, Austlas, (present-day Lääne-Saare parish, Austla). Included the Atla and Jõgela technical observation posts.[33]
- 11th Kipi-Koovi Border Guard Post (11 ПЗ) (58°14′47″N 22°01′58″E)[34][35], West Saaremaa, (today's Saaremaa rural municipality, Kipi) in the service area of the cordon Lõmala TVP[36], Lõmalas.
- 12. Kargi Border Guard Cordon[37] (12 ПЗ Отварный) (58°01′31″N 22°05′07″E)[38], South Saaremaa Sõrve peninsula on the western shore, Kargi, (present-day Saaremaa parish, Kargi). In the service area of the cordon Kaunispe technical observation post[39]
- 13. border guard post[40], Tammuna border guard post named after Captain Aleksandr Lošmanov (13 ПЗ Вмятина). In the service area of the cordon Türju TVP[41], Türju. On the western shore of the Sõrve peninsula in South Saaremaa, (present-day Saaremaa rural municipality Tammuna).
- 14th Border Guard Post (until 1976, then renamed 12th Border Guard Corps),
- 15th Border Guard Corps (until 1976, then renamed 13th Border Guard Corps),
- After the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Estonia, the unit continued to serve on the Estonian-Russian border in the Narva area, with the headquarters located in the city of Kingisepp.
The Border Guard Technical Observation Posts contained stationary radars, searchlights and visual observation equipment. Border Guard foot and horse patrols on Saaremaa and Hiiumaa moved around the clock, and an overhead line (later an underground cable) ran along the coast, through which regular reports were made to the unit's steward. The Vilsandi border guard cordon was transferred after an unfortunate incident in 1968, when the post commander, Lieutenant Dobrodejev, shot a young woman and a lighthouse commander who had rushed to the scene with his service weapon.
Tallinn Border Guard Detachment
| 106th Red Banner Border Guard Detachment (Таллинский Пограничный Отряд) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1954–1990 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Role | Guarding the Soviet border |
| Part of | Main Directorate of the Border Guard Forces of the USSR |
The Tallinn Border Guard Detachment or 106th Red Banner Border Guard Detachment – military unit No. 2198 (106-й Таллинский пограничный отрад Таллин КППО), had its headquarters at Rahumäe tee 4 in Tallinn. The numbering of the cordons changed in 1976. In 1945–1975, the border guard cordons of the 106th border guard detachment were located first from Käsmu, then from Turbuneeme and Tsitre to Põõsaspea. Initially, there were at least 30 cordons, by 1975 their number had decreased to 20, from 1976 there were 17. In 1976–1992 the detachment had two commander's offices (Paldiski and Vihterpalu, finally for a short time in Põia). A training point for the detachment was located east of the Pakri lighthouse in Paldiski.
- 1st Border Guard Cordon, (1 ПЗ (Пограничная застава) , "Физмат"), Ihasalu Peninsula, Ihasalu. In the service area of the cordon Neeme technical observation post (TVP), Uitru säärel[42]
- 2. Suurpea border guard cordon (2 ПЗ Суурпеа), Harju county Kuusalu rural municipality on the western coast of the Pärispea peninsula, by Hara bay/Prangli island. In the service area of the cordon Loo-Otsa technical observation post (TVP)[43] Prangli island
- 3. Border Guard, (3 ПЗ, "Успех"), Muuga
- 4. border guard, (4 ПЗ, "Эталон"), Leppneeme
- 5. border guard, (5 ПЗ, "Гидрон"), Haabneeme
- 6. Mihhail Pasternak named Mähe border guard, Pirita (Застава им. капитана. М. Ф. Пастернака, (6 ПЗ, "Бромистый"), until 1976 11th cordon. In the service area of the cordon there are mobile monitoring stations in Miiduranna port, Pirita TVP[44] Pirita Yachting,
- 7. Feodor Okk's name[45] Kopli border guard[46] (Застава им. Ф.В.Окка, 7 ПЗ им. Ф.В.Окк, "Вента"), until 1976 the 12th cordon, Neeme street, Kopli in Tallinn. In the service area of the cordon there are 2 technical surveillance posts (old post, Paljassaare tee 101 opposite[47], new post near Paljassaare tee 97 [48] (Paljassaare peninsula and Katariina kai area).
- 8. border guard cordon, until 1976 13th cordon (8 ПЗ "Лебедка"), Kakumäel. In the service area of the cordon Kakumäe peninsulal Kakumäe TVP[49] and Muraste TVP[50]
- 9. border guard corps, (9 ПЗ, "Соболь"), until 1976 the 14th cordon, Vääna-Jõesuus. In the service area of the cordon Vääna-Jõesuu TVP[51] and Suurupi TVP[52]
- 10. border guard cordon, until 1976 the 15th cordon, Keila-Joal. In the service area of the cordon Lohusalu TVP[53]and Keila-Joa TVP[54]
- 11th Border Guard Corps (11 ПЗ "Стражник") and Commandant's Office, until 1976 16th Corps, Paldiski, Majaka road 10). Technical observation post Lahepere bay by Kloogarannas
- 12. Kurkse border guard cordon[55] (12 ПЗ "Вмятина"), until 1976, 17th cordon, Kurkse. In the service area of the cordon Kurkse technical observation post (TVP)[56] and Kolvikunina TVP[57] and Keibu TVP[58]
- 13. border guard cordon[59] (13 ПЗ), until 1976 the 18th cordon, Vihterpalu
- 14. border guard cordon (14 ПЗ), until 1976 the 19th cordon, Nõva. Technical observation posts in the cordon service area: Rannaküla TVP[60].
- 15. Mihhail Kozlov border guard corps[61] (15 ПЗ имени КОЗЛОВА), until 1976, the 20th cordon, Spitham, Lääne County. In 1985, the border guard[62] moved to new buildings in Tuksi (Elbiku village). Põõsspea cape in the service area of the border guard.
- 16th border guard (16 ПЗ, "Гербовый"), Paslepa and Paslepa manor. In the Kordon service area Noarootsi Peninsula, Ramsi TVP[63] (ПТН 2162) Ramsi cape in Einbi (Enby) village and (ПТН 2161) Hara TVP[64], Telise observation post[65]Telise cape and Pürksi.
- 17. Vormsi border guard post[66] (17 ПЗ Вормси, "Гридлик")[67], Hullo village in Vormsi island. The buildings of the old border guard post are also located in Hullo. Technical observation posts in the cordon service area: Norrby TVP[68], Borrbys TVP[69], Dibys, Saxbys and Förbys? (also Bussbys?), as well as Sviby checkpoint (?) and Borrby training ground.
- In the cordon service area there were cordon buildings, technical observation posts (ПТН, post техническая просмотров), flare throwers РП-15-1 and (ПСНР, персонные станции грузовской раздекти "Подём" и "Кредо"), (РЛС, радиолокационная станция "ДОН").
Tallinn Independent Border Control Detachment
Tallinn Independent Border Control Detachment – Military Unit No. 2333 (Отдельный Отряд Пограничного Контроля (ОКПП) "Таллин")
- 1st division, border post in Tallinn Passenger Port, Estonian-Finnish ship connection, ships Georg Ots (ship) and Tallink
- 2nd division, border post in Tallinn Commercial Port,
- 3rd division, border post in Tallinn Airport
- 4th division, border post in new and old Tallinn Fishing Port, Kirov-named fishing collective farm and Pirita Yacht Club. (ТМРП – Таллиннский Морской Рыбный порт)
- 5th division, transport unit Рота материалного обеспечения
Rakvere Border Guard Detachment
| Committee of State Security Border Guard Troops Government Red Banner Baltic Border Guard District 6. Order of the Red Star Gdynia Border Guard Detachment (6-й Ракверский (Гдынский) пограничный отражат КППО, Раквереский (Гдынский [70]) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1954–1990 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Role | USSR State Border guarding |
| Part of | Main Directorate of the Border Guard Troops of the USSR State Security Committee |
6th Order of the Red Star Gdynia Border Guard Detachment in Rakvere – military unit No. 2294 (6-ой Пограничный Отряд, в/ч 2294). In Aseri, there was a training point for the Rakvere Border Guard Detachment and a Aseriaru field training center, with a shooting range.
- 1. Border guard corps (6 ПО 1ПЗ (Пограничная застава) Нарва-Йыесуу), in the border guard corps: radar station, observation tower. Narva-Jõesuu ale, Koidula tānav 99, 99a, 100, 101.* [71]
- 2. Toila Border Guard Corps (6 ПО 2ПЗ Тойла), in the border guard post: 2 radar stations (Vaivina TVP[72]), 2 observation towers. Ida-Viru county, Voka rural municipality, Toila.
- 3. Border guard post (6 ПО 3ПЗ Сака), in the border guard post: radar station, observation tower, residential building. Ida-Viru county, Kohtla rural municipality Saka.
- 4. Border guard cordon]] (6 ПО 4ПЗ Азери) and training center, in the border guard cordon: radar station, observation tower. Lääne-Virumaa, Aseri, Kordoni 10.
- 5. border guard cordon (5 ПО 5ПЗ Кунда), in the border guard cordon: radar station, observation station. Lääne-Virumaa, Kunda, Toolse tee 1.
- 6. border guard cordon (6 ПО 6ПЗ Верги), in the border guard cordon: radar station, 2 observation towers (1. Vergi port), 3 residential buildings. Lääne-Virumaa, Vihula parish, Vergi, Vergi peninsula.
- 7. border guard cordon (6 ПО 7ПЗ Высу), (Võsu)
- 8. border guard cordon (6 ПО 8ПЗ Кясму), in the border guard cordon: radar station, 2 observation towers, 2 residential buildings. Lääne-Virumaa, Käsmu, Käsmu peninsula.
- 9. border guard cordon[73] (6 ПО 9ПЗ Турбанееме call sign "Соболь"), in the border guard cordon: 2 radar stations, 4 observation towers (Pärispea Technical Observation Post]] (TVP)[74], Saunalaht), residential building. Lääne-Viru County, Loksa rural municipality, Turbuneeme, Pärispea peninsula.
- 10. border guard post (6 ПО 10ПЗ Хара), in the border guard post: radar station, 2 observation towers (Tapurla observation post[75]), 2 residential buildings. Harju county, Loksa rural municipality, Hara, on the shore of Hara bay.
- 11. Pjotr Rodionov named border guard cordon[76] (6 ПО 11ПЗ Тситре; Погранзастава №11 имени Родионова), in the border guard post: radar station, 2 observation towers (Andineeme TVP[77]), residential building. Harju county, Kuusalu rural municipality, Tsitre.
- 12. border guard post (6 ПО 12ПЗ Кабернееме) (demolished 2009), in the border guard post: radar station (Kaberneeme TVP), 2 observation towers. Harju County, Jõelähtme parish, Kaberneeme on the Kaberneeme peninsula.
- Rutja border guard post: radar station, 4 observation towers, residential building. Lääne-Viru County, Vihula parish, Rutja.
Border Guard observation towers: Vainupea and Kunda town, Viru-Nigula parish, Rutja, Käsmu, Nattur, Lobi at the tip of headland, Salmistu observation post[78]. Border Guard technical observation posts: Juminda TVP[79], Uusküla TVP[80], Leesi TVP[81].
The 20th Independent Aviation Squadron (20 ОАЭ (в/ч 9788)) was also located in Rakvere, which consisted of 12 Mil Mi-8 helicopters. It was established in 1977.[82] The Squadron headquarters were located in Rakvere at the intersection of Pika Street and Tallinna Street, in the city of Rakvere the headquarters, barracks, canteens, garages and the border guard air detachment camp were located on Arkna Street in Rakvere; residential buildings at Ilu Puiestee 4 and 4a and residential building at Lennuki Street 3. The Rakvere Airfield, technical operation service, fuel depots and special equipment were located outside the city along the Tallinna-Narva Highway. One helicopter of the squadron was also located on Saaremaa, at the disposal of the 9th border guard detachment.
Maritime Border Guard Units
In Estonia, the 7th Border Guard Forces Independent Guard Boat Division (s/o 2243) was created in 1945, and from March 1967, the 3rd Border Guard Forces Independent Guard Boat Brigade with the Order of the Red Star. In 1945–1967, there was a separate unit on Haapsalu Holm – the 8th Border Guard Forces Independent Guard Boat Division (s/o 2244), later the 3rd üpvlb 2nd Guard Boat Division.
Tallinn Independent Border Guard Boat Brigade
3rd Independent Border Guard Boat Brigade Tallinn-Haapsalu-Paldiski – Military Unit No. 2243 (OBSKR).
The 1st guard boat division of the Border Guard was located in Tallinn Kopli in Bekkeri harbor (gavan Копли-Южная). Personnel Tallinn, Süsta street 5; residence and Tallinn, Kaluri street 1.
The 2nd guard boat division of the Border Guard was located in Haapsalu Holmi, headquarters in Haapsalu Suur-Holm.
- Border Guard Ships
- PVL-718 (Погранично-сторожевой Корабль (ПСКР)-718)
- PVL-745 (ПСКР-745)
- PVL-804 (ПСКР-804 «Тольятти»)
Sea Border Guard Observation Posts
- 3rd Brigade of Border Guard (Forces) Guard Ships with the Single Order of the Red Star:
- Brigade Communications Node Dispatch Center, near the Suurupi Upper Lighthouse
- 5. technical observation post, near the Suurupi upper lighthouse
- 6th technical observation post (ПТН-6; s/o 2243-H) Harilaiu TVP[83] Harilaiu Förby village and Coast Guard communications unit s/o 2243 military base.
- In Western Saaremaa, on the Kihelkonna Bay, there was a Pihlalaiu maritime border guard technical observation post (58°38′55″N 22°32′37″E)[84]
- Vormsi island Kersleti TVP[85]
- Harju County Keri Island Coast Guard Post[86]
- In Saaremaa, on Sõrve Island, there was also a technical observation post (ПТН (пост технический наблюдение)) of the Ventspils 8th Border Guard Detachment. The main building of the Sääre Border Guard, a maritime border guard communications unit built after the Second World War, Endel Püüa,[87] (57°55′03″N 22°03′29″E)[88] was completed in 1957, the economic buildings and facilities located around it were built at different times. The complex includes sheds, a sauna-laundry house, a barn, a well house, a gym, a power station, three officers' buildings and two basements. Behind the main building, two Soviet-era radar masts tower, and a watchtower a little further away. The Coastal Defense Battery No. 43 I and II artillery bases of the Peter the Great's Sea Fortress from World War I are located on the territory of the cordon. One of the officers' buildings on the cordon houses the Sõrve Military Museum.
- Border Guard naval forces technical observation posts were also located over time: in Estonia, in Suurupi, at Harilai and Sõrve lighthouse, previously on Mohni island, Keri island, Vormsi, Pammana peninsulae Pihlalai, on Muha nina, south of the Sõrve lighthouse; they had the same radars as the naval radio technical groups.
Border Guard training centers
Heads of border guard forces
Commander of the Government of the Border Guard Forces of the Baltic District 1941
| The date | Name | Rank |
|---|---|---|
1941 |
Konstantin Ivanovich Rakutin (1902−1941) | major general |
Border Guard Troops of the Baltic District 1955−1956
| Date | Name | Rank |
|---|---|---|
1955−1956 |
Anatoli Aleksandrovich Nikiforov (1905−1994)[89] | Major General |
Border Guard Troops of the Western District 1956−1960
| Date | Name | Rank |
|---|---|---|
1956−1959 |
Anatoly Aleksandrovich Nikiforov (1905−1994)[90] | Major General (since 1957 Lieutenant General) |
1959−1960 |
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov (1906−1980) | Lieutenant General |
Activity coverage in art
- Filmography
- TV series, Riigipiir, Part VII, "Salty Wind", Belarusfilm, 1988, Cast: Katrin Kohv, Sulev Luik, Ita Ever, Egon Nuter, Gunnar Kilgas, Tõnu Lume, Ago Roo