Edappadi K. Palaniswami

Early years (1974–2010)

Palaniswami entered politics in 1974 enrolling himself as a volunteer in All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and served as the party's branch secretary of Koneripatti.^[6] He faced defeat in his first electoral contest in the 1986 local body elections, a result that reflected a broader trend that year in rural areas traditionally considered strongholds of the AIADMK, marking a setback for the party under MGR against the opposition DMK. He was first elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1989, representing Edappadi constituency, and won the re-election in 1991 from the same constituency.^[7][8] He later rose within the party, becoming Salem North district joint secretary in 1990 and later became Its District Secretary in 1991. He subsequently served as the Chairman of the Temple Board (1992), Chairman of the Salem District Aavin Milk Producers’ Cooperative Union (1993), and Chairman of the Tamil Nadu Cement Corporation in 2001.^[9] He lost from the same constituency in the 1996 assembly elections.^[10] In the 1998 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament, representing Tiruchengodu constituency in the 12th Lok Sabha.^[11] He subsequently lost the 1999 and 2004 general elections from the same constituency. He contested again from Edappadi in the 2006 assembly elections and lost.^[12] He was appointed propaganda secretary of AIADMK in July 2006, replacing O. S. Manian and later as organising secretary in August 2007.^[13]

Cabinet minister (2011–2017)

He was re-elected from Edappadi constituency in the 2011 assembly election.^[14] He was appointed as the minister of highways and minor ports in the Jayalalithaa cabinet.^[15] He served as the district secretary of AIADMK for Salem suburban district from June 2011 to April 2022.^[16][17] In 2014, he was appointed as the member of the disciplinary committee of AIADMK.^[18] He was again re-elected from the same constituency in the 2016 assembly election.^[19] After 2016 assembly elections, he also served as the ministry of public works in the cabinet.^[20] In 2016, he was appointed headquarters secretary of AIADMK, succeeding P. Palaniappan.^[21]

Chief minister (2017–2021)

Following the death of former Chief Minister Jayalalithaa on 5 December 2016, O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 6 December 2016. On 29 December 2016, V. K. Sasikala was unanimously elected as the General Secretary of the AIADMK by its general council. Subsequently, on 5 February 2017, she was chosen as its Chief Ministerial candidate. Panneerselvam resigned from the post of Chief Minister on 6 February 2017.^[22][23]

While Sasikala awaited an invitation from the Governor to form the government, the Supreme Court of India delivered its verdict in the disproportionate assets case on 14 February 2017, convicting her. On the same day, the AIADMK party elected Edappadi K. Palaniswami as its leader of legislative, and he was subsequently chosen to serve as Chief Minister in place of Sasikala.^[22][23] Palaniswami became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 16 February 2017 along with a 32-member cabinet and also held charge of home, prohibition and excise.^[24][25]

In March 2017, he introduced the Kudimaramaththu scheme for restoring minor irrigation tanks and lakes in the state.^[26] In response to the introduction of mandatory NEET exams starting in 2017, Palaniswami government formed a high-level committee led by M. Anandakrishnan in May that year to reform the Tamil Nadu school education system.^[27] The school textbook syllabus and exam pattern for classes 1 to 12 were revised on par with CBSE standards in phases, starting from the 2018–19 academic year, to better prepare students for competitive exams.^[28][29] On 24 April 2017, an attempted burglary occurred at one of the residences of former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa at the Kodanad Estate. During the incident, a security guard was killed and another was injured.^[30] Further, a suspect in the case, along with two family members of another suspect, died in a separate road accidents.^[31]

In May 2018, police opened fire on protests against a copper plant owned by Vedanta that was allegedly polluting groundwater in Thoothukudi, killing 13 people.^[32] Following these protest and police firing, the Government of Tamil Nadu ordered the permanent closure of the plant on 28 May 2018.^[33][34][35] Following the Supreme Court’s verdict of 16 February 2018, delivered amid the Cauvery water dispute, which allocated 404.25 tmcft to Tamil Nadu and 284.75 tmcft to Karnataka while retaining the existing shares of other stakeholders, the Union Government was directed to constitute the Cauvery River Management Board (CRMB) within 40 days to implement the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal award and the Court’s judgement, Palaniswami led Tamil nadu government pressed the Centre for the implementation of Cauvery management scheme, while AIADMK MPs disrupted Parliament for 22 days. After Tamil Nadu filed a contempt plea, the Union Government submitted the scheme on 14 May 2018. Subsequently, the Cauvery Water Management Authority was constituted through a Central Gazette notification on 1 June 2018.^[36][37][38]

On 15 August 2018, Palaniswami announced a 2% sub-quota in select government jobs and State Public Sector Undertakings for national, state, and international-level medal-winning sportspersons in games organised by recognised federations, later increasing it to 3% on 16 October 2018.^[39][40] His administration was lauded for its preparedness and efforts to tackle the Cyclone Gaja that hit Tamil Nadu in November 2018.^[41] In August 2019, Palaniswami introduced dedicated patrol vehicles (Amma patrol) to ascertain the security of women and children in public places.^[42] On 19 November 2018, three AIADMK members convicted in the Dharmapuri bus burning case were released prematurely by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The Governor had earlier returned the file seeking remission, however, the state government resubmitted it, after which the Governor granted approval.^[43]

In the 2019 Indian general election, AIADMK under the leadership of Palaniswami, contested in alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party and won only a single seat.^[44][45] In 2019, Palaniswami launched the Yaadhum Oore programme aimed at garnering foreign investment in the state. He visited United States, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates to promote the same.^[46] His administration created new districts such as Tenkasi, Kallakurichi, Tirupattur, Ranipet and Chengalpattu in 2019, and Mayiladuthurai in 2020, by carving them out from existing districts.^[47] After six decades of waiting by the people, Palaniswami laid the foundation stone for the ₹1,652-crore Athikadavu–Avinashi Groundwater Recharge and Drinking Water Supply Scheme on 28 February 2019, and the project work commenced on 25 December that year.^[48][49]

In 2019, a sexual assault case was reported in Pollachi town, in which eight women were officially identified as survivors, while reports indicated that at least 60 women may have been affected between 2016 and 2018.^[50][51] The survivors were allegedly blackmailed, sexually assaulted, and videographed. The identities of survivors were revealed by the Coimbatore Superintendent of Police during a press conference, which drew criticism. The case was later transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for further investigation.^[52][53] CBI arrested nine men, including an AIADMK students’ wing secretary, on charges of criminal conspiracy, sexual harassment, rape, and gang rape, including repeated assaults on the same victim.^[54][55] In 2025, all nine men were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. The court also directed the state government to pay a total compensation of ₹85 lakh to eight survivors.^[56]

In February 2020, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared the Kaveri delta region as a protected special agriculture zone.^[57][58] In May 2020, the government passed an order for reservation of 7.5% of seats in government medical colleges to students from public schools while also announcing a plan to set up eleven new government medical colleges with 1,650 seats.^[59][60][61] After the first three phases of excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at Keezhadi between 2014 and 2017, the state department of archaeology took over further excavations in consultation with the ASI. In the fourth phase of excavations in 2017–18 done at a cost of ₹5.5 million (US$58,000), 5,820 artefacts and brick constructions dating back to the Sangam era were excavated. On 20 July 2020, Palaniswami laid the foundation for the Keezhadi museum in Sivaganga district to showcase the artefacts unearthed from Keezhadi excavation site.^[62]

Under his governance, Tamil Nadu was rated among the top states based on a composite index in the context of sustainable development according to the Public Affairs Index released by the Public Affairs Center in October 2020.^[63] During the coronavirus pandemic, Tamil Nadu was one of the few states that did not register negative growth.^[64] Tamil Nadu was ranked as the best performing big state from the year 2018 to 2021 based on a study conducted by India Today.^[65][66] On 5 January 2021, his government announced that the Thaipusam festival would be included in the list of public holidays every year.^[67]

Leader of the opposition (2021–present)

AIADMK lost the 2021 assembly elections and Palaniswami resigned as the chief-minister on 6 May 2021.^[70][71][72] He won for the third consecutive time from the Edappadi constituency and was elected as the leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.^[73][74] On 10 May 2021, the newly elected AIADMK MLAs convened to choose the new Leader of the Opposition, an important post equivalent to a cabinet minister. The meeting was inconclusive, with both Panneerselvam and Palaniswami staking claims to the post, while their supporters hurled charges against each other. This included a prolonged quarrel between the two sections of the party outside the party's head office, causing unrest. Supporters of Palaniswami believed that he should be the Leader of the Opposition due to the party's good performance in the election in western Tamil Nadu, the region he hails from; whereas, Panneerselvam's supporters felt that the party fared poorly in other regions of the state due to Palaniswami's wrong policies during his Chief Ministerial tenure.^[75] Eventually, Palaniswami was elected as the Leader of the Opposition.^[76]

In June 2022, district secretaries and senior party members of AIADMK spoke out against the “dual leadership” system of Palaniswami and O. Panneerselvam.^[77] The supporters of Palaniswami pushed for the change in the party's leadership structure to appoint him as the general secretary of AIADMK ahead of the general council meeting on 23 June 2022, which was expected to elect the leadership of the party.^[78][79] In June 2022, Palaniswami wrote to Panneerselvam asserting the latter ceased to be the party coordinator as the amendments made to the party's bylaw in the 2021 December executive committee meeting were not recognised in the general council meeting held on 23 June.^[80][81]

On 11 July 2022, the general council of AIADMK abolished the dual leadership model, appointing Palaniswami as the interim chief and expelled Panneerselvam and his loyalists from the primary memberships of the party for "anti-party" activities.^{[82][83][84][85]} While on 17 August, the Madras High Court nullified the decisions of the AIADMK general council and ordered maintaining a status quo, a division bench later upheld the decisions and set aside the previous court order on 2 September 2022.^[86][87] On 23 February 2023, the Supreme Court of India upheld the later order of the Madras High Court, effectively handing the leadership of the party to Palaniswami.^[88] On 28 March 2023, AIADMK announced that Palaniswami was elected as the general secretary through party's general secretary election.^[89][90] On 20 April 2023, the Election Commission of India recognised Palaniswami as the general secretary, acknowledging the amendments to the party constitution and changes to list of office-bearers.^[91][92] On 20 August 2023, a conference was held at Madurai led by Palaniswami as a part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the founding of AIADMK.^[93][94] On 25 September 2023, Palaniswami led AIADMK officially left the National Democratic Alliance ahead of the 2024 Indian general election due to the then BJP Tamil Nadu leadership under K. Annamalai passing defamatory comments on former leaders C. N. Annadurai and J. Jayalalithaa.^[95][96][97]

In the aftermath of the 2023 Chennai floods, Palaniswami demanded the chief minister of Tamil Nadu to release a white paper on the completed and ongoing stormwater drain work in Chennai and further criticised the state government for the lack of preparedness.^[98][99] In the 2024 general election, Palaniswami led AIADMK formed an alliance with Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Puthiya Tamilagam, and Social Democratic Party of India and contested 36 seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and one each in the union territories of Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The party-led alliance failed to win any seats in the elections.^[100] Palaniswami has been placed under Z+ scale category security by the Ministry of Home Affairs due to bomb threats since 5 July 2025.^[101][102]

Ahead of the 2026 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections, Palaniswami launched the Makkalai Kaappom, Thamizhagathai Meetpom (Let us protect the people and reclaim Tamil Nadu) statewide campaign tour covering all 234 constituencies in phases, starting from Mettupalayam in Coimbatore on 7 July 2025.^[103][104]

On 17 April 2026, Palaniswami stated that the Delimitation Bill would not affect any state and that the Union government had assured that Tamil Nadu would not be impacted. He also expressed support for the Union government regarding the bill.^[105][106] However, the bill was subsequently defeated in the Lok Sabha.^[107]

Lok Sabha elections

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Elections	Lok Sabha	Constituency	Political party			Result	Vote percentage	Opposition
								Candidate	Political party			Vote percentage
1998	12th	Tiruchengode	AIADMK			Won	54.70%	K. P. Ramalingam	DMK			40.89%
1999	13th					Lost	48.53%	M. Kannappan	MDMK			49.08%
2004	14th						37.27%	Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan	DMK			58.02%

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Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections

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Elections	Assembly	Constituency	Political party			Result	Vote percentage	Opposition
								Candidate	Political party			Vote percentage
1989	9th	Edappadi	AIADMK(J)			Won	33.08%	L. Palanisamy	DMK			31.62%
1991	10th		AIADMK				58.24%	P. Kolandai Gounder	PMK			25.03%
1996	11th					Lost	28.21%	I. Ganesan				37.68%
2006	13th						41.06%	V. Kaveri				44.80%
2011	14th					Won	56.38%	M. Karthe				37.66%
2016	15th						43.74%	N. Annadurai				25.12%
2021	16th						65.97%	Sampath Kumar	DMK			28.04%
2026	17th						57.67%	K. Premkumar	IND			19.68%

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Positions in Parliament of the Republic of India

Positions in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

Honorary doctorates

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No.	Conferred in	Conferred by	Location	Country	Work	Ref.
1	2019	Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute	Tamil Nadu	India	For his outstanding contributions to public affairs	[108]

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Other honours

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No.	Image	Decoration	Field	Conferred date	Conferred by	Ref.
1		Paul Harris Fellow	Public Affairs	11 July 2020	The Rotary Foundation	[109]

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