Enterobacter cloacae
Species of bacterium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
| Enterobacter cloacae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Enterobacter cloacae on tryptic soy agar | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Pseudomonadati |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacterales |
| Family: | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Enterobacter |
| Species: | E. cloacae |
| Binomial name | |
| Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 | |
| Subspecies | |
|
Aerobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1958 | |
Microbiology
In microbiology laboratories, E. cloacae is frequently grown at 30 °C on nutrient agar or at 35 °C in tryptic soy broth.[1] It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, is facultatively anaerobic, and bears peritrichous flagella. It is oxidase-negative and catalase-positive.[2]
Industrial use
Enterobacter cloacae has been used in a bioreactor-based method for the biodegradation of explosives and in the biological control of plant diseases.[3] Enterobacter cloacae strain MBB8 isolated from the Gulf of Mannar, India was reported to degrade poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). This was the first report of a PVA degrader from the Enterobacter genus.[4] E. cloacae was also reported to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) as high as 18.3g/L.[5] GC-MS analysis of E. cloacae EPS showed the presence of glucose and mannose in the molar ratio of 1: 1.5e−2.[5]
Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae strain PR-4 was isolated and identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence with phylogenetic tree view from explosive-laden soil by P. Ravikumar (GenBank accession number KP261833).[6]
E. cloacae SG208 was identified as a predominant microorganism in a mixed culture isolated from petrochemical sludge (IOCL, Guwahati) which had been responsible for the degradation of benzene, as reported by Padhi and Gokhale (2016).[7]
Safety
Enterobacter cloacae is considered a biosafety level 1 organism in the United States and level 2 in Canada.[citation needed]
Genomics
A draft genome sequence of E. cloacae subsp. cloacae was announced in 2012. The bacteria used in the study were isolated from giant panda feces.[8]
Clinical significance
E. cloacae is a member of the normal gut flora of many humans and is not usually a primary pathogen.[9] Some strains have been associated with urinary tract and respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised individuals. It is a high risk AmpC producer and treatment with cefepime is recommended by IDSA if causing disease rather than merely colonising.[10] Treatment using cefepime and gentamicin has been reported.[11]
A 2012 study in which E. cloacae was transplanted into previously germ-free mice resulted in increased obesity when compared with germ-free mice fed an identical diet, suggesting a link between obesity and the presence of Enterobacter gut flora.[12]
E. cloacae produces Lipopolysaccharide, a toxin.[13]