Ernest David Weiss
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ernest David Weiss | |
|---|---|
 Ernest David Weiss | |
| Born | 7 December 1902 |
| Died | 19 January 1982 (aged 79) |
| Other names | Walter Lock |
| Occupation | Soviet intelligence officer |
| Espionage activity | |
| Allegiance | GRU |
| Codename | Walter Lock |
Ernest David Weiss (7 December 1902 in Breslau – 19 January 1982) was a Polish-Jew naturalised British transport economist[1] who became a Soviet espionage agent, spying in the United Kingdom and possibly the United States. Weiss worked initially for the Communist International (Comintern) in the 1930s and later worked for the Red Orchestra espionage network through Comintern agent Henry Robinson in the early 1940s.[2][3] In 1947, Weiss's name was discovered through an analysis of the Robinson papers by MI5. After his arrest and interrogation, Weiss proved to be remarkably cooperative, and in return for a confession he was promised immunity by MI5.[4] He was found to have been a key individual in Soviet intelligence in the United Kingdom during the interwar period but had ceased working as an agent in 1941. He named many other contacts, and this led to further arrests.[1] Weiss's cryptonym was Jean. After his confession, he retired from espionage work to work as part of piano double act that played in variety shows, music halls and theatres that regularly toured the UK. He lived in London until his death in 1982.[4]
Weiss was the child of Arnold Weiss, a merchant in Breslau and Emma née Tisch.[5] Weiss was educated at St. John's Gymnasium in Breslau from 1909 to 1921.[6] St. John's accepted Jewish pupils without question. In 1922, Weiss matriculated at the University of Breslau to study the economics of transport. In 1927, Weiss was awarded a Diplom. Deciding to continue his education at Breslau in 1930, he was awarded a Doctor of Science in 1932.[6] While at university, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD)[1]
Espionage career
While in Frankfurt in May or June 1931, Weiss was contacted by Hans Demetz who offered him a job, if he was interested in travelling overseas for work. In effect he was recruited as an intelligence agent.[7] Demetz was a Breslau native and a contemporary of Weiss at Breslau University, who had been recruited as a Red Army Intelligence agent in 1925.[8] After Weiss graduated he worked as a manager or buyer in a number of retail stores in Frankfurt and later in Cologne.[6] In January 1932, Weiss left Germany and arrived in Paris, where he was introduced to "Harry I",[9] an unidentified Red Army agent based in Paris, who was his controller. [10] On 11 May 1932, Weiss arrived in the UK ostensibly to conduct industrial research at the London School of Economics as a student, on the subject of the economics of air transport,[11] but in reality to spy.[2] When he arrived in the UK. Harry I contacted two seamen who were couriers for the group.[12] He also introduced Weiss to Robert Gordon Switz on 17 September 1933 at his apartment in Kensington Gardens.[2] In the autumn of 1935, Weiss began working for "Harry II", also an unidentified Paris based Red Army agent, after Weiss met him in a hotel in Enge, Zurich.[12] Harry II passed the intelligence he received from Weiss to Soviet intelligence via the Military attaché in the Soviet embassy in Paris.[13] By July 1936, he was working as the assistant editor and article author on the Railway Gazette and the South African Journal of Economics.[6] In 1936, Weiss received intelligence detailing the production of aeroplanes from two of his most important informants, "Vernon" and "Meredith"[12] and was known to them under the alias of Walter Lock.[14] Vernon was Wilfred Vernon who was a technical assistant at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at Farnborough Airport.[15] Meredith was Frederick William Meredith (1895-1980), a British engineer and Marxist, who was also working at the RAE. Both were members of the Communist Party of Britain.[16] In November 1936, Harry II introduced the Belgian communist Germaine Schneider to Weiss in South Kensington, London.[17] Schneider was the groups courier from 1936 to 1939, meeting Weiss at a hotel in South Kensington several more times to exchange intelligence.[18]
In the spring of 1940 Weiss applied for naturalisation the first of several attempts, but the first application was rejected.[6] He was interned in October 1940 before being released in December 1940 to serve in the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps. In January 1941, he again applied for naturalisation and was again rejected.[6] In July 1942, he was commissioned as a Lieutenant to serve the Royal Engineers.[6] In 1941, Weiss ceased working as an espionage agent.[12] In December 1944, he was admitted to hospital with angina and diagnosed with Coronary thrombosis. On 27 November 1945, he was released from the military.[6] In May 1946 he registered as an "alien" who worked as a Variety show pianist. In July 1946, he was finally accepted for naturalisation.[6] Weiss became part of a double piano act "Marek and Vyse" with Roman Marek[19] that toured in music halls and theatres around the UK.[6]