Hillel Katz
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Hillel Katz | |
|---|---|
 Hillel Katz | |
| Born | 24 September 1905 |
| Occupation | Active Resistance member |
| Years active | 1933 to 1943 |
| Organization | Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle") |
| Known for | Secretary to Leopold Trepper |
Hillel Katz (born 24 September 1905 in Cieszyn, Austro-Hungarian Empire) was a Jewish Communist, who was an important member of a Soviet espionage network in occupied France, that the German Abwehr intelligence service later called the "Red Orchestra" ("Rote Kapelle").[1] In the role of an underground executive and recruiter,[2] he acted as both secretary and assistant to Leopold Trepper and liaised between Léon Grossvogel and Henry Robinson in matters relating to the running of the French covert black market trading company Simex.[1] Katz had a number of aliases that he used to disguise his identity, including Andre Dubois, Rene and Le Petite Andre.[1]
Katz was a communist activist who met Trepper in Palestine, where his parents had settled.[3] His father was a teacher.[2] Katz moved to Toulouse in France, where he met and became the lover of Cécile Fichten, an activist member of the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France.[3] Together the couple had two children.[3]
He had a brother, Joseph Katz who held British citizenship. Joseph Katz was instrumental in establishing the Lyon safehouse that was established in 1937.[4]
Red Orchestra
When he moved to Paris, Katz concealed his Jewish origins and legalised himself as a Frenchman under the name Andre Dubois.[5] In Paris, Katz was one of the two main assistants to Trepper, along with Leon Grossvogel.[6] Katz was totally dedicated, both to Trepper and the Communist cause. Trepper described him in a quote as: A mason, he knows how to handle the trowel and build a house.[2]
Katz was particularly interested in educational reform, specifically in the modern and anti-authoritarian approach advocated by Célestin Freinet as well as the works of Maria Montessori.[2] Katz devoted his spare time to the groups of young people that lived in Vitry-sur-Seine, where he organised hiking via the Camping and Culture Association ("Association Camping et Culture").[2]
During the late 1930s, Katz lived at 13 Quai Saint-Michel in Paris, where he was a member of the communist section of the 5th arrondissement of Paris.[7] During that period, Katz worked in a Racine bookshop where he managed the Youth fund.[7] The book shop was popular with militants and political refugees.[7]
In September 1939, Katz enlisted in the French Foreign Legion. He was captured and taken prisoner in June 1940 during the German advance, but managed to escape with Aldred Corbin by swimming across the River Somme.[7] After his escape, Katz started to use the alias André Dubois.[7] Corbin would become a chicken breeder and inventor of poultry feed.[7] Katz would later recruit him for the Trepper group, to store a radio transmitter in Giverny where his poultry farm was located. Corbin would later become the commercial director of Simex.[7]
Operations
Katz was always cheerful and his direct and frank approach combined with his optimistic demeanour garnered him many friends.[2] These were useful in his work as a recruiter, while he worked at Simex, that enabled him to build relationships using his extensive contacts, to look for people who were Communists or favourably deposed to the group's work.[8] Katz, who knew many of Trepper's contacts and acquaintances, carried out many of Trepper operations personally.[9]