Fort Thompson Mounds

The Fort Thompson Mounds are a series of low earthen mounds, extending from the eastern (downstream) end of the Missouri River's Big Bend, downriver along the eastern bank, past Fort Thompson and the Big Bend Dam. They are generally located on a terrace above the river's bottomlands, roughly 50 feet (15 m) above the river's typical level in the early 1960s. All of these are believed to be burial mounds, which in some cases overlay older cultural materials.^[3] The mounds generally date from Plains-Woodland times (c. 800) and were found to contain evidence of the first pottery-making peoples in the area.^[2]

The sites were known but not studied prior to the 1950s, when the United States Army Corps of Engineers began planning the construction of Big Bend Dam as part of a major flood control project of several dams on the Missouri River.

Beginning in 1957, archaeologists engaged in a series of digs to understand the sites better, and to perform salvage archaeology on sites that were likely to be inundated by the waters the dam would impound. In addition to burials found in the mounds, features of habitation were also discovered. These include stone hearths, pottery fragments, and stone tools. One of the sites excavated gave radiocarbon dates of c. 2450 BCE.^[3]

• List of burial mounds in the United States
• List of National Historic Landmarks in South Dakota
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo County, South Dakota