Grand Paris Express

More information Line 11 ...

Line 11
Legend
Châtelet Victoria workshop Hôtel de Ville Rambuteau Arts et Métiers République Goncourt Belleville Pyrénées Jourdain Place des Fêtes Télégraphe Porte des Lilas Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Mairie des Lilas Lilas workshop Serge Gainsbourg Romainville–Carnot * Montreuil–Hôpital ** La Dhuys Coteaux Beauclair Rosny–Bois-Perrier ** Rosny workshop proposed extension proposed extension Villemomble Neuilly–Les Fauvettes Neuilly–Hôpitaux Noisy–Champs  *
(*) Under Construction     (**) Planned
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A six-station 5.4-kilometre (3.4 mi) eastern extension of Line 11 from Mairie des Lilas to Rosny-sous-Bois, not itself part of the Grand Paris Express project, improves service to the inner northeastern suburbs. The scheme was lobbied for by the local authorities and adopted during the 2007 review of the Île-de-France transportation plan. Work on the extension to Rosny – Bois-Perrier started in 2015^[20] and opened on 13 June 2024.^[21] It provides connections with the RER E and with Île-de-France tramway Line 1.

More information New stations, Towns served ...

List of new stations and connections (with opening dates)

New stations	Towns served	Connection	Opening date[20][21]
Serge Gainsbourg	Les Lilas		13 June 2024
Place Carnot	Romainville, Noisy-le-Sec
Montreuil Hôpital	Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec	(potential)
La Dhuys	Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois
Côteaux Beauclair	Noisy-le-Sec, Rosny-sous-Bois
Rosny – Bois-Perrier	Rosny-sous-Bois

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A revised plan for the Grand Paris Express unveiled on 6 March 2013 calls for a second extension of Line 11 towards Noisy–Champs, which would form part of the project. Its target opening date was 2030, but the extension has been postponed indefinitely for lack of funding.^[22] Should it be built, Line 11 would eventually be fully automated; automatic operation was not implemented with the Rosny extension, although the RATP and Île-de-France Mobilités have considered adding it later.^[13]

Rolling stock

Île-de-France Mobilités replaced the line's ageing MP 59 fleet with MP 14 trains around the opening of the extension to Rosny-sous-Bois. The new trains are driver-operated like their predecessors, but run as five-car sets with open gangways.^[23][24] The first MP 14 sets entered service in June 2023, and the additional trains were deployed in spring 2024 to serve the extension; the last MP 59 sets were withdrawn in May 2024.^[25]

Quick facts Line 15, Overview ...

Line 15
Overview
Termini	Noisy–Champs Champigny Centre station
Connecting lines
Stations	36
Service
System	Paris Metro
Operator(s)	ORA (RATP Dev, Alstom, ComfortDelGro)[2]
Rolling stock	Alstom Metropolis MR6V
History
Opened	2027–2031
Technical
Line length	75 km (47 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Conduction system	Automated
Route map

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More information Line 15 ...

Line 15
Legend
Saint-Cloud Seine Rueil–Suresnes–Mont Valérien opens 2031 ↑ opens 2026 ↓ Nanterre–La Boule Pont de Sèvres Nanterre–La Folie Seine La Défense Issy Bécon-les-Bruyères Clamart Bois-Colombes Châtillon–Montrouge Les Agnettes Bagneux–Lucie Aubrac Les Grésillons Hauts-de-Seine Val-de-Marne Seine Arcueil–Cachan Hauts-de-Seine Seine-Saint-Denis Villejuif–Gustave Roussy Saint-Denis–Pleyel Villejuif–Louis Aragon Stade de France Mairie de Vitry-sur-Seine Mairie d'Aubervilliers Fort d'Aubervilliers Les Ardoines Drancy–Bobigny Vitry workshop Bobigny–Pablo Picasso Seine Pont de Bondy Le Vert de Maisons Bondy Créteil–L'Échat Rosny–Bois-Perrier Marne Rosny workshop  Tvm  Saint-Maur–Créteil Seine-Saint-Denis Val-de-Marne Marne Val de Fontenay Champigny Centre Nogent–Le Perreux Villiers–Champigny–Bry Champigny workshop Val-de-Marne Seine-et-Marne Noisy–Champs All stations are accessible
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Line 15 will be a high-capacity underground ring line around Paris, serving the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. It will enable direct journeys between the suburbs, bypassing central Paris.^[31][32] The configuration of the line closely follows the Métrophérique scheme proposed by the RATP in 2006 and the Arc Express project that grew out of it. It was later folded into the red line of the Grand Paris network introduced by President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2009, and received its current number in the "Nouveau Grand Paris" recast announced by Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault in March 2013.^[33]

Line 15 is planned to open in phases between 2027 and 2031.^[7][16] It will form a loop connecting Noisy–Champs to Champigny, passing through Champigny-sur-Marne, Créteil, Villejuif, La Défense, Saint-Denis and Rosny-sous-Bois. The southern section, from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs, is the most advanced: its tunnels were completed in 2021 and, after repeated delays, it is expected to open in 2027.^[34][16]

More information Line 16, Overview ...

Line 16 Overview Termini Noisy–Champs Saint-Denis–Pleyel Connecting lines Stations 10 Service System Paris Metro Operator Keolis[3] Rolling stock Alstom Metropolis MR3V History Opened 2027–2028 Technical Line length 25 km (16 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Conduction system Automated

Line 17 Overview Termini Le Mesnil–Amelot Saint-Denis–Pleyel Connecting lines Stations 9 Service System Paris Metro Operator Keolis[3] Rolling stock Alstom Metropolis MR3V History Opened 2027–2030 Technical Line length 25 km (16 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Conduction system Automated

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More information Paris Metro lines 16 and 17 ...

Paris Metro lines 16 and 17
Legend
Noisy–Champs Marne Chelles–Gournay Le Mesnil-Amelot Clichy–Montfermeil Aéroport CDG 2 TGV ↑ opens 2028 ↓ opens 2027 opens 2030 ↑ opens 2028 ↓ Sevran–Livry Parc des Expositions Sevran Beaudottes Aulnay Val Francillia Gonesse Aulnay workshop opens 2028 ↑ opens 2027 ↓ Le Bourget Aéroport Parc du Blanc-Mesnil Le Bourget La Courneuve–Six Routes Saint-Denis–Pleyel   proposed (2030+)   Colombes  La Garenne-Colombes Nanterre–La Folie All stations are accessible
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Lines 16 and 17 will share a trunk section between Saint-Denis–Pleyel and Le Bourget. Line 16 will run east from there to Noisy–Champs, serving Seine-Saint-Denis; Line 17 will run north to Le Bourget Airport, Charles de Gaulle Airport and Le Mesnil-Amelot. Line 16 is planned to open between 2027 and 2028, and Line 17 in phases between 2027 and 2030.^[35][7]

The case for Line 17 has been contested. In 2019, Le Monde reported that many experts, including within the transport ministry, considered its traffic forecasts weak, with the line's fortunes tied to EuropaCity, the contested shopping and leisure complex then planned at Gonesse and abandoned later that year.^[41]

Quick facts Line 18, Overview ...

Line 18
Overview
Termini	Versailles Chantiers Aéroport d'Orly
Connecting lines
Stations	10[42]
Service
System	Paris Metro
Operator	Keolis[4]
Rolling stock	MRV
History
Opened	2026–2030
Technical
Line length	50 km (31 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Conduction system	Automated
Route map Legend Nanterre–La Folie        Rueil Centre   La Celle Saint-Cloud   Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt ↑ opens 2040 ↓ opens 2030 Versailles Chantiers           Satory Guyancourt ↑ opens 2030 ↓ opens 2026 Christ de Saclay Université Paris-Saclay Polytechnique Palaiseau workshop Massy–Palaiseau        ↑ opens 2026 ↓ opens 2027 Massy Opéra Antonypole–Wissous Centre Aéroport d'Orly     ↑ opens 2027 ↓ opens 2040 Paray-Vieille-Poste Athis-Mons Vigneux-sur-Seine Vigneux–Montgeron Glacière Montgeron–Crosne Crosne La Végétale–Valenton Limeil-Brévannes Boissy-Saint-Léger All stations are accessible This diagram: view talk edit

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Line 18 will link Orly Airport with Versailles-Chantiers across the Saclay plateau, serving the research and university cluster of Paris-Saclay. It is planned to open in phases between 2026 and 2030, starting with the section from Massy–Palaiseau to the plateau.^[42] In May 2020, a consortium led by Vinci won a €799 million contract for the first civil engineering package, covering 11.8 kilometres (7.3 mi) of tunnel and three stations between Orly and Massy–Palaiseau.^[43]

In November 2023, the Île-de-France region and the Val-d'Oise department launched studies for a Line 19, a proposed line from Nanterre–La Folie to the Triangle de Gonesse, where it would meet Line 17 towards Charles de Gaulle Airport. The line is meant to serve Val-d'Oise, largely left out of the Grand Paris Express, and could open around 2040.^[45] It is not legally part of the project, and integrating it would require a new law.^[46]

Preparatory works began in 2015 and tunnelling followed from 2016. The works were among the largest in Europe, with dozens of tunnel boring machines in service at the peak of construction. The scale of the works strained the regional construction market: from 2019, contractors reported price inflation for cranes, site equipment and concrete.^[47]

Spoil from the tunnel boring machines is removed by road, and by rail in the Val-de-Marne.^[48] The SGP set a target of reusing 70 per cent of excavated material, but by late 2019 less than 40 per cent was being put to use.^[49]

The labour inspectorate recorded five deaths on the region's major construction sites between 2020 and April 2023, and opened 141 investigations into workplace accidents from late 2019.^[50]

The network proposed in 2009 was costed at around €20 billion, and the 2013 recast at about €27 billion.^[13] In January 2018 the Cour des comptes put the cost at €38.5 billion, criticised the optimism of the initial estimates and warned that borrowing without new revenue would push full repayment from 2059 to 2084.^[51] A French Senate report of 2020 estimated the total at €35.6 billion in 2012 prices, around €42 billion in then-current terms, of which €19.3 billion had been committed.^[5]

Construction is financed by the Société des Grands Projets, mainly through taxes levied in Île-de-France, including levies on office space, and long-term borrowing repaid over decades.^[5] The 2019 budget added a 15 per cent surcharge on the tourist tax in the region's municipalities and tightened the office tax to raise roughly €140 million a year more for the project.^[52]

Operating the completed lines will fall to Île-de-France Mobilités, which pays the chosen operators and owes the SGP a usage fee on the infrastructure. A financing protocol signed by the state and Île-de-France Mobilités in September 2023 set aside €474 million for running the new lines opening up to 2031.^[53]

The lines will not run around the clock: overnight closures are kept for maintenance of the track, equipment and control systems, though Île-de-France Mobilités may extend service on particular evenings or nights. All services will call at every station; express runs were studied and rejected, since the high running speeds and frequencies made them unnecessary and skipping stops would have required costly passing tracks. The average commercial speed will be about 65 kilometres per hour (40 mph), roughly three times that of the existing metro, with headways as short as 85 seconds at peak times. Trains will run on the right, like the metro and unlike the RER.^[31]

Under the 2010 Grand Paris law, the RATP is the infrastructure manager of the new lines through its subsidiary RATP Infrastructures, while the operators of each line are chosen by competitive tender.^[11] This split was contested by Keolis, which argued in 2016 that dividing an automated metro between an operator and a separate infrastructure manager was untested and could bias competition in the incumbent's favour.^[54] The first contracts were nonetheless awarded across the market: lines 16 and 17 to Keolis in May 2023, Line 15 to the ORA consortium of RATP Dev, Alstom and ComfortDelGro in July 2023, and Line 18 to Keolis in June 2024.^[3][2][4]

Maintenance will be handled from dedicated sites along the network: train maintenance and stabling depots, rapid-repair centres at line ends far from the main depots, and infrastructure maintenance sites for track and systems.^[31]

For each of the new stations, the SGP has commissioned a permanent artwork under its "Illustrer le Grand Paris" programme. Thirty artists from graphic design, illustration, animation and comics, among them François Schuiten, Edmond Baudoin and Enki Bilal, were chosen to work with the station architects.^[55] The network also has its own typeface, Grand Paris Express, designed for the passenger signage of the 68 stations.^[56]

The Grand Paris Express received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design in 2023.^[57]

The new stations have been credited with cutting journey times and widening access to jobs in the suburbs.^[58] The project has also drawn criticism over its effects on residents: in a 2024 book, Les Naufragés du Grand Paris Express, the researchers Anne Clerval and Laura Wojcik describe a "planned gentrification" around the new stations, pointing among other things to demolitions for worksites.^[59] Planners at the Atelier parisien d'urbanisme [fr], the city's urban planning agency, counter that public housing programmes are rebalancing the station districts, citing a 50 per cent rise in social housing around Pont de Sèvres between 2010 and 2024.^[58]