Harivarman IV
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| Jaya Harivarman IV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raja-di-raja | |||||||||
| King of Champa | |||||||||
| Reign | 1074-1080 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1074 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Rudravarman III | ||||||||
| Successor | Jaya Indravarman II | ||||||||
| Born | Unknown Quang Nam, Champa | ||||||||
| Died | 1081 Indrapura | ||||||||
| Issue | Jaya Indravarman II (Prince Vak) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Dynasty | Harivarmanid dynasty | ||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||
Harivarman IV or Prince Thäng (?–1081), Sanskrit name Vishnumürti, was the ruling king of Champa from 1074 to 1080. His father was a noble belonging to the Coconut clan (northern tribes), and his mother was a member of the Areca clan (southern tribes).[1]
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Rudravarman III (r. 1062–1074) was tyrant king. He estranged the Nha Trang elites, agitating a chaotic civil war between the Phan Rang and the Nha Trang aristocrats in 1069. Champa then transitioned into a turbulent period of chaos caused by the reign of Rudravarman. The war had left Champa completely devastated.
From the north, two brothers Prince Thäng and Prince Pang, who descended from the Coconut clan (narikelavamsa, northern tribes) and the Areca clan (kramukavamsa, southern tribes) triumphantly defeated all enemies and warlord factions, and reunified Champa.
Reign
Prince Thäng was crowned king Harivarman of Champa at Chiem Son (near Tra Kieu) in 1074, declaring himself protector of Champa, establishing a new dynasty. He set about rebuilding the kingdom: he constructed a capital, restoring the citadel of Tralauṅ Svon and streamlined state welfare and happiness.[2]
Reform and building
Harivarman was described as having ‘originalish mind’ and ‘want to make Champa as a great power again’ like,[3] therefore he restored the ancient city of Simhapura (former capital of Champa from c. 400 to 750 AD), rebuiding many religious foundations in My Son, including the temple of Bhadresvara. He donated the local deities foreign war prisoners and trophies after his military victories. He reformed the fiscal system, strengthening Champa's might and prosperity, honestly surpassed the pre-civil war period.[4]
Diplomacy
In 1074, Champa under Harivarman raid the border of Dai Viet.[5] In 1075, Harivarman defeated a Dai Viet's raid led by Chancellor Ly Thuong Kiet.[5] He refused to cooperate with the Song dynasty and the Khmer Empire in a joint-campaign against Dai Viet in 1076, instead he made peace with the Dai Viet.[1]
Subsequently, Harshavarman III of the Khmer Empire sent Prince Nandavarmadeva as the commander leading a Khmer army to attack northern Champa, sacking cities and temples, and looting many in My Son. Harivarman routed the invaders at the Battle of Somesvara, and Prince Nandavarmadeva was captured alive as a war prisoner. In 1080, Cham army under Harivarman and his younger brother, Prince Pang, later known as Paramabodhisattva (r. 1081–1086), launched a counter invasion of Cambodia, where they plundered the city of Sambhupura (Sambor) on the Mekong River.[6]
Matrilinealism
In his textual epitaph, Harivarman praises indigenous Cham traditions of matrilinealism while the text was written in Sanskrit, which, very conflicted with Indian traditions, through he was a very religious man.[7]